rustc_middle/mir/
consts.rs

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1use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
2
3use rustc_abi::{HasDataLayout, Size};
4use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
5use rustc_macros::{HashStable, Lift, TyDecodable, TyEncodable, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable};
6use rustc_session::RemapFileNameExt;
7use rustc_session::config::RemapPathScopeComponents;
8use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span, Symbol};
9use rustc_type_ir::TypeVisitableExt;
10
11use super::interpret::ReportedErrorInfo;
12use crate::mir::interpret::{
13    AllocId, AllocRange, ConstAllocation, ErrorHandled, GlobalAlloc, Scalar, alloc_range,
14};
15use crate::mir::{Promoted, pretty_print_const_value};
16use crate::ty::print::{pretty_print_const, with_no_trimmed_paths};
17use crate::ty::{self, ConstKind, GenericArgsRef, ScalarInt, Ty, TyCtxt};
18
19///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
20/// Evaluated Constants
21
22/// Represents the result of const evaluation via the `eval_to_allocation` query.
23/// Not to be confused with `ConstAllocation`, which directly refers to the underlying data!
24/// Here we indirect via an `AllocId`.
25#[derive(Copy, Clone, HashStable, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
26pub struct ConstAlloc<'tcx> {
27    /// The value lives here, at offset 0, and that allocation definitely is an `AllocKind::Memory`
28    /// (so you can use `AllocMap::unwrap_memory`).
29    pub alloc_id: AllocId,
30    pub ty: Ty<'tcx>,
31}
32
33/// Represents a constant value in Rust. `Scalar` and `Slice` are optimizations for
34/// array length computations, enum discriminants and the pattern matching logic.
35#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Hash)]
36#[derive(HashStable, Lift)]
37pub enum ConstValue<'tcx> {
38    /// Used for types with `layout::abi::Scalar` ABI.
39    ///
40    /// Not using the enum `Value` to encode that this must not be `Uninit`.
41    Scalar(Scalar),
42
43    /// Only for ZSTs.
44    ZeroSized,
45
46    /// Used for references to unsized types with slice tail.
47    ///
48    /// This is worth an optimized representation since Rust has literals of type `&str` and
49    /// `&[u8]`. Not having to indirect those through an `AllocId` (or two, if we used `Indirect`)
50    /// has shown measurable performance improvements on stress tests. We then reuse this
51    /// optimization for slice-tail types more generally during valtree-to-constval conversion.
52    Slice {
53        /// The allocation storing the slice contents.
54        /// This always points to the beginning of the allocation.
55        data: ConstAllocation<'tcx>,
56        /// The metadata field of the reference.
57        /// This is a "target usize", so we use `u64` as in the interpreter.
58        meta: u64,
59    },
60
61    /// A value not representable by the other variants; needs to be stored in-memory.
62    ///
63    /// Must *not* be used for scalars or ZST, but having `&str` or other slices in this variant is fine.
64    Indirect {
65        /// The backing memory of the value. May contain more memory than needed for just the value
66        /// if this points into some other larger ConstValue.
67        ///
68        /// We use an `AllocId` here instead of a `ConstAllocation<'tcx>` to make sure that when a
69        /// raw constant (which is basically just an `AllocId`) is turned into a `ConstValue` and
70        /// back, we can preserve the original `AllocId`.
71        alloc_id: AllocId,
72        /// Offset into `alloc`
73        offset: Size,
74    },
75}
76
77#[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
78rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(ConstValue<'_>, 24);
79
80impl<'tcx> ConstValue<'tcx> {
81    #[inline]
82    pub fn try_to_scalar(&self) -> Option<Scalar> {
83        match *self {
84            ConstValue::Indirect { .. } | ConstValue::Slice { .. } | ConstValue::ZeroSized => None,
85            ConstValue::Scalar(val) => Some(val),
86        }
87    }
88
89    pub fn try_to_scalar_int(&self) -> Option<ScalarInt> {
90        self.try_to_scalar()?.try_to_scalar_int().ok()
91    }
92
93    pub fn try_to_bits(&self, size: Size) -> Option<u128> {
94        Some(self.try_to_scalar_int()?.to_bits(size))
95    }
96
97    pub fn try_to_bool(&self) -> Option<bool> {
98        self.try_to_scalar_int()?.try_into().ok()
99    }
100
101    pub fn try_to_target_usize(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<u64> {
102        Some(self.try_to_scalar_int()?.to_target_usize(tcx))
103    }
104
105    pub fn try_to_bits_for_ty(
106        &self,
107        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
108        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
109        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
110    ) -> Option<u128> {
111        let size = tcx
112            .layout_of(typing_env.with_post_analysis_normalized(tcx).as_query_input(ty))
113            .ok()?
114            .size;
115        self.try_to_bits(size)
116    }
117
118    pub fn from_bool(b: bool) -> Self {
119        ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_bool(b))
120    }
121
122    pub fn from_u64(i: u64) -> Self {
123        ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_u64(i))
124    }
125
126    pub fn from_u128(i: u128) -> Self {
127        ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_u128(i))
128    }
129
130    pub fn from_target_usize(i: u64, cx: &impl HasDataLayout) -> Self {
131        ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_target_usize(i, cx))
132    }
133
134    /// Must only be called on constants of type `&str` or `&[u8]`!
135    pub fn try_get_slice_bytes_for_diagnostics(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> Option<&'tcx [u8]> {
136        let (data, start, end) = match self {
137            ConstValue::Scalar(_) | ConstValue::ZeroSized => {
138                bug!("`try_get_slice_bytes` on non-slice constant")
139            }
140            &ConstValue::Slice { data, meta } => (data, 0, meta),
141            &ConstValue::Indirect { alloc_id, offset } => {
142                // The reference itself is stored behind an indirection.
143                // Load the reference, and then load the actual slice contents.
144                let a = tcx.global_alloc(alloc_id).unwrap_memory().inner();
145                let ptr_size = tcx.data_layout.pointer_size;
146                if a.size() < offset + 2 * ptr_size {
147                    // (partially) dangling reference
148                    return None;
149                }
150                // Read the wide pointer components.
151                let ptr = a
152                    .read_scalar(
153                        &tcx,
154                        alloc_range(offset, ptr_size),
155                        /* read_provenance */ true,
156                    )
157                    .ok()?;
158                let ptr = ptr.to_pointer(&tcx).discard_err()?;
159                let len = a
160                    .read_scalar(
161                        &tcx,
162                        alloc_range(offset + ptr_size, ptr_size),
163                        /* read_provenance */ false,
164                    )
165                    .ok()?;
166                let len = len.to_target_usize(&tcx).discard_err()?;
167                if len == 0 {
168                    return Some(&[]);
169                }
170                // Non-empty slice, must have memory. We know this is a relative pointer.
171                let (inner_prov, offset) = ptr.into_parts();
172                let data = tcx.global_alloc(inner_prov?.alloc_id()).unwrap_memory();
173                (data, offset.bytes(), offset.bytes() + len)
174            }
175        };
176
177        // This is for diagnostics only, so we are okay to use `inspect_with_uninit_and_ptr_outside_interpreter`.
178        let start = start.try_into().unwrap();
179        let end = end.try_into().unwrap();
180        Some(data.inner().inspect_with_uninit_and_ptr_outside_interpreter(start..end))
181    }
182
183    /// Check if a constant may contain provenance information. This is used by MIR opts.
184    /// Can return `true` even if there is no provenance.
185    pub fn may_have_provenance(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, size: Size) -> bool {
186        match *self {
187            ConstValue::ZeroSized | ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Int(_)) => return false,
188            ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Ptr(..)) => return true,
189            // It's hard to find out the part of the allocation we point to;
190            // just conservatively check everything.
191            ConstValue::Slice { data, meta: _ } => !data.inner().provenance().ptrs().is_empty(),
192            ConstValue::Indirect { alloc_id, offset } => !tcx
193                .global_alloc(alloc_id)
194                .unwrap_memory()
195                .inner()
196                .provenance()
197                .range_empty(AllocRange::from(offset..offset + size), &tcx),
198        }
199    }
200
201    /// Check if a constant only contains uninitialized bytes.
202    pub fn all_bytes_uninit(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>) -> bool {
203        let ConstValue::Indirect { alloc_id, .. } = self else {
204            return false;
205        };
206        let alloc = tcx.global_alloc(*alloc_id);
207        let GlobalAlloc::Memory(alloc) = alloc else {
208            return false;
209        };
210        let init_mask = alloc.0.init_mask();
211        let init_range = init_mask.is_range_initialized(AllocRange {
212            start: Size::ZERO,
213            size: Size::from_bytes(alloc.0.len()),
214        });
215        if let Err(range) = init_range {
216            if range.size == alloc.0.size() {
217                return true;
218            }
219        }
220        false
221    }
222}
223
224///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
225/// Constants
226
227#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, TyEncodable, TyDecodable, Hash, HashStable, Debug)]
228#[derive(TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable, Lift)]
229pub enum Const<'tcx> {
230    /// This constant came from the type system.
231    ///
232    /// Any way of turning `ty::Const` into `ConstValue` should go through `valtree_to_const_val`;
233    /// this ensures that we consistently produce "clean" values without data in the padding or
234    /// anything like that.
235    ///
236    /// FIXME(BoxyUwU): We should remove this `Ty` and look up the type for params via `ParamEnv`
237    Ty(Ty<'tcx>, ty::Const<'tcx>),
238
239    /// An unevaluated mir constant which is not part of the type system.
240    ///
241    /// Note that `Ty(ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated)` and this variant are *not* identical! `Ty` will
242    /// always flow through a valtree, so all data not captured in the valtree is lost. This variant
243    /// directly uses the evaluated result of the given constant, including e.g. data stored in
244    /// padding.
245    Unevaluated(UnevaluatedConst<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>),
246
247    /// This constant cannot go back into the type system, as it represents
248    /// something the type system cannot handle (e.g. pointers).
249    Val(ConstValue<'tcx>, Ty<'tcx>),
250}
251
252impl<'tcx> Const<'tcx> {
253    /// Creates an unevaluated const from a `DefId` for a const item.
254    /// The binders of the const item still need to be instantiated.
255    pub fn from_unevaluated(
256        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
257        def_id: DefId,
258    ) -> ty::EarlyBinder<'tcx, Const<'tcx>> {
259        ty::EarlyBinder::bind(Const::Unevaluated(
260            UnevaluatedConst {
261                def: def_id,
262                args: ty::GenericArgs::identity_for_item(tcx, def_id),
263                promoted: None,
264            },
265            tcx.type_of(def_id).skip_binder(),
266        ))
267    }
268
269    #[inline(always)]
270    pub fn ty(&self) -> Ty<'tcx> {
271        match self {
272            Const::Ty(ty, ct) => {
273                match ct.kind() {
274                    // Dont use the outer ty as on invalid code we can wind up with them not being the same.
275                    // this then results in allowing const eval to add `1_i64 + 1_usize` in cases where the mir
276                    // was originally `({N: usize} + 1_usize)` under `generic_const_exprs`.
277                    ty::ConstKind::Value(cv) => cv.ty,
278                    _ => *ty,
279                }
280            }
281            Const::Val(_, ty) | Const::Unevaluated(_, ty) => *ty,
282        }
283    }
284
285    /// Determines whether we need to add this const to `required_consts`. This is the case if and
286    /// only if evaluating it may error.
287    #[inline]
288    pub fn is_required_const(&self) -> bool {
289        match self {
290            Const::Ty(_, c) => match c.kind() {
291                ty::ConstKind::Value(_) => false, // already a value, cannot error
292                _ => true,
293            },
294            Const::Val(..) => false, // already a value, cannot error
295            Const::Unevaluated(..) => true,
296        }
297    }
298
299    #[inline]
300    pub fn try_to_scalar(self) -> Option<Scalar> {
301        match self {
302            Const::Ty(_, c) => match c.kind() {
303                ty::ConstKind::Value(cv) if cv.ty.is_primitive() => {
304                    // A valtree of a type where leaves directly represent the scalar const value.
305                    // Just checking whether it is a leaf is insufficient as e.g. references are leafs
306                    // but the leaf value is the value they point to, not the reference itself!
307                    Some(cv.valtree.unwrap_leaf().into())
308                }
309                _ => None,
310            },
311            Const::Val(val, _) => val.try_to_scalar(),
312            Const::Unevaluated(..) => None,
313        }
314    }
315
316    #[inline]
317    pub fn try_to_scalar_int(self) -> Option<ScalarInt> {
318        // This is equivalent to `self.try_to_scalar()?.try_to_int().ok()`, but measurably faster.
319        match self {
320            Const::Val(ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::Int(x)), _) => Some(x),
321            Const::Ty(_, c) => match c.kind() {
322                ty::ConstKind::Value(cv) if cv.ty.is_primitive() => Some(cv.valtree.unwrap_leaf()),
323                _ => None,
324            },
325            _ => None,
326        }
327    }
328
329    #[inline]
330    pub fn try_to_bits(self, size: Size) -> Option<u128> {
331        Some(self.try_to_scalar_int()?.to_bits(size))
332    }
333
334    #[inline]
335    pub fn try_to_bool(self) -> Option<bool> {
336        self.try_to_scalar_int()?.try_into().ok()
337    }
338
339    #[inline]
340    pub fn eval(
341        self,
342        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
343        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
344        span: Span,
345    ) -> Result<ConstValue<'tcx>, ErrorHandled> {
346        match self {
347            Const::Ty(_, c) => {
348                if c.has_non_region_param() {
349                    return Err(ErrorHandled::TooGeneric(span));
350                }
351
352                match c.kind() {
353                    ConstKind::Value(cv) => Ok(tcx.valtree_to_const_val(cv)),
354                    ConstKind::Expr(_) => {
355                        bug!("Normalization of `ty::ConstKind::Expr` is unimplemented")
356                    }
357                    _ => Err(ReportedErrorInfo::non_const_eval_error(
358                        tcx.dcx().delayed_bug("Unevaluated `ty::Const` in MIR body"),
359                    )
360                    .into()),
361                }
362            }
363            Const::Unevaluated(uneval, _) => {
364                // FIXME: We might want to have a `try_eval`-like function on `Unevaluated`
365                tcx.const_eval_resolve(typing_env, uneval, span)
366            }
367            Const::Val(val, _) => Ok(val),
368        }
369    }
370
371    #[inline]
372    pub fn try_eval_scalar(
373        self,
374        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
375        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
376    ) -> Option<Scalar> {
377        if let Const::Ty(_, c) = self
378            && let ty::ConstKind::Value(cv) = c.kind()
379            && cv.ty.is_primitive()
380        {
381            // Avoid the `valtree_to_const_val` query. Can only be done on primitive types that
382            // are valtree leaves, and *not* on references. (References should return the
383            // pointer here, which valtrees don't represent.)
384            Some(cv.valtree.unwrap_leaf().into())
385        } else {
386            self.eval(tcx, typing_env, DUMMY_SP).ok()?.try_to_scalar()
387        }
388    }
389
390    #[inline]
391    pub fn try_eval_scalar_int(
392        self,
393        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
394        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
395    ) -> Option<ScalarInt> {
396        self.try_eval_scalar(tcx, typing_env)?.try_to_scalar_int().ok()
397    }
398
399    #[inline]
400    pub fn try_eval_bits(
401        &self,
402        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
403        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
404    ) -> Option<u128> {
405        let int = self.try_eval_scalar_int(tcx, typing_env)?;
406        let size = tcx
407            .layout_of(typing_env.with_post_analysis_normalized(tcx).as_query_input(self.ty()))
408            .ok()?
409            .size;
410        Some(int.to_bits(size))
411    }
412
413    /// Panics if the value cannot be evaluated or doesn't contain a valid integer of the given type.
414    #[inline]
415    pub fn eval_bits(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>) -> u128 {
416        self.try_eval_bits(tcx, typing_env)
417            .unwrap_or_else(|| bug!("expected bits of {:#?}, got {:#?}", self.ty(), self))
418    }
419
420    #[inline]
421    pub fn try_eval_target_usize(
422        self,
423        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
424        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
425    ) -> Option<u64> {
426        Some(self.try_eval_scalar_int(tcx, typing_env)?.to_target_usize(tcx))
427    }
428
429    #[inline]
430    /// Panics if the value cannot be evaluated or doesn't contain a valid `usize`.
431    pub fn eval_target_usize(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>) -> u64 {
432        self.try_eval_target_usize(tcx, typing_env)
433            .unwrap_or_else(|| bug!("expected usize, got {:#?}", self))
434    }
435
436    #[inline]
437    pub fn try_eval_bool(self, tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>) -> Option<bool> {
438        self.try_eval_scalar_int(tcx, typing_env)?.try_into().ok()
439    }
440
441    #[inline]
442    pub fn from_value(val: ConstValue<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
443        Self::Val(val, ty)
444    }
445
446    pub fn from_bits(
447        tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
448        bits: u128,
449        typing_env: ty::TypingEnv<'tcx>,
450        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
451    ) -> Self {
452        let size = tcx
453            .layout_of(typing_env.as_query_input(ty))
454            .unwrap_or_else(|e| bug!("could not compute layout for {ty:?}: {e:?}"))
455            .size;
456        let cv = ConstValue::Scalar(Scalar::from_uint(bits, size));
457
458        Self::Val(cv, ty)
459    }
460
461    #[inline]
462    pub fn from_bool(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, v: bool) -> Self {
463        let cv = ConstValue::from_bool(v);
464        Self::Val(cv, tcx.types.bool)
465    }
466
467    #[inline]
468    pub fn zero_sized(ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
469        let cv = ConstValue::ZeroSized;
470        Self::Val(cv, ty)
471    }
472
473    pub fn from_usize(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, n: u64) -> Self {
474        let ty = tcx.types.usize;
475        let typing_env = ty::TypingEnv::fully_monomorphized();
476        Self::from_bits(tcx, n as u128, typing_env, ty)
477    }
478
479    #[inline]
480    pub fn from_scalar(_tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, s: Scalar, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Self {
481        let val = ConstValue::Scalar(s);
482        Self::Val(val, ty)
483    }
484
485    /// Return true if any evaluation of this constant always returns the same value,
486    /// taking into account even pointer identity tests.
487    pub fn is_deterministic(&self) -> bool {
488        // Some constants may generate fresh allocations for pointers they contain,
489        // so using the same constant twice can yield two different results:
490        // - valtrees purposefully generate new allocations
491        // - ConstValue::Slice also generate new allocations
492        match self {
493            Const::Ty(_, c) => match c.kind() {
494                ty::ConstKind::Param(..) => true,
495                // A valtree may be a reference. Valtree references correspond to a
496                // different allocation each time they are evaluated. Valtrees for primitive
497                // types are fine though.
498                ty::ConstKind::Value(cv) => cv.ty.is_primitive(),
499                ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(..) | ty::ConstKind::Expr(..) => false,
500                // This can happen if evaluation of a constant failed. The result does not matter
501                // much since compilation is doomed.
502                ty::ConstKind::Error(..) => false,
503                // Should not appear in runtime MIR.
504                ty::ConstKind::Infer(..)
505                | ty::ConstKind::Bound(..)
506                | ty::ConstKind::Placeholder(..) => bug!(),
507            },
508            Const::Unevaluated(..) => false,
509            // If the same slice appears twice in the MIR, we cannot guarantee that we will
510            // give the same `AllocId` to the data.
511            Const::Val(ConstValue::Slice { .. }, _) => false,
512            Const::Val(
513                ConstValue::ZeroSized | ConstValue::Scalar(_) | ConstValue::Indirect { .. },
514                _,
515            ) => true,
516        }
517    }
518}
519
520/// An unevaluated (potentially generic) constant used in MIR.
521#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, TyEncodable, TyDecodable)]
522#[derive(Hash, HashStable, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitable, Lift)]
523pub struct UnevaluatedConst<'tcx> {
524    pub def: DefId,
525    pub args: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>,
526    pub promoted: Option<Promoted>,
527}
528
529impl<'tcx> UnevaluatedConst<'tcx> {
530    #[inline]
531    pub fn shrink(self) -> ty::UnevaluatedConst<'tcx> {
532        assert_eq!(self.promoted, None);
533        ty::UnevaluatedConst { def: self.def, args: self.args }
534    }
535}
536
537impl<'tcx> UnevaluatedConst<'tcx> {
538    #[inline]
539    pub fn new(def: DefId, args: GenericArgsRef<'tcx>) -> UnevaluatedConst<'tcx> {
540        UnevaluatedConst { def, args, promoted: Default::default() }
541    }
542
543    #[inline]
544    pub fn from_instance(instance: ty::Instance<'tcx>) -> Self {
545        UnevaluatedConst::new(instance.def_id(), instance.args)
546    }
547}
548
549impl<'tcx> Display for Const<'tcx> {
550    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
551        match *self {
552            Const::Ty(_, c) => pretty_print_const(c, fmt, true),
553            Const::Val(val, ty) => pretty_print_const_value(val, ty, fmt),
554            // FIXME(valtrees): Correctly print mir constants.
555            Const::Unevaluated(c, _ty) => {
556                ty::tls::with(move |tcx| {
557                    let c = tcx.lift(c).unwrap();
558                    // Matches `GlobalId` printing.
559                    let instance =
560                        with_no_trimmed_paths!(tcx.def_path_str_with_args(c.def, c.args));
561                    write!(fmt, "{instance}")?;
562                    if let Some(promoted) = c.promoted {
563                        write!(fmt, "::{promoted:?}")?;
564                    }
565                    Ok(())
566                })
567            }
568        }
569    }
570}
571
572///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
573/// Const-related utilities
574
575impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
576    pub fn span_as_caller_location(self, span: Span) -> ConstValue<'tcx> {
577        let topmost = span.ctxt().outer_expn().expansion_cause().unwrap_or(span);
578        let caller = self.sess.source_map().lookup_char_pos(topmost.lo());
579        self.const_caller_location(
580            Symbol::intern(
581                &caller
582                    .file
583                    .name
584                    .for_scope(self.sess, RemapPathScopeComponents::MACRO)
585                    .to_string_lossy(),
586            ),
587            caller.line as u32,
588            caller.col_display as u32 + 1,
589        )
590    }
591}
rustc_middle/mir/consts.rs

rustc_middle/mir/
consts.rs
