rustc_borrowck/diagnostics/

move_errors.rs

use rustc_abi::FieldIdx;
use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
use rustc_errors::{Applicability, Diag, MultiSpan};
use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
use rustc_hir::intravisit::Visitor;
use rustc_hir::{self as hir, CaptureBy, ExprKind, HirId, Node};
use rustc_middle::mir::*;
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt};
use rustc_mir_dataflow::move_paths::{LookupResult, MovePathIndex};
use rustc_span::def_id::DefId;
use rustc_span::{BytePos, ExpnKind, MacroKind, Span, bug, sym};
use rustc_trait_selection::error_reporting::traits::FindExprBySpan;
use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtExt;
use tracing::debug;

use crate::MirBorrowckCtxt;
use crate::diagnostics::{
    BorrowedContentSource, CapturedMessageOpt, CloneSuggestion, DescribePlaceOpt, UseSpans,
};
use crate::prefixes::PrefixSet;

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) enum IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx> {
    /// Illegal move due to attempt to move from behind a reference.
    BorrowedContent {
        /// The place the reference refers to: if erroneous code was trying to
        /// move from `(*x).f` this will be `*x`.
        target_place: Place<'tcx>,
    },

    /// Illegal move due to attempt to move from field of an ADT that
    /// implements `Drop`. Rust maintains invariant that all `Drop`
    /// ADT's remain fully-initialized so that user-defined destructor
    /// can safely read from all of the ADT's fields.
    InteriorOfTypeWithDestructor { container_ty: Ty<'tcx> },

    /// Illegal move due to attempt to move out of a slice or array.
    InteriorOfSliceOrArray { ty: Ty<'tcx>, is_index: bool },
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(crate) struct MoveError<'tcx> {
    place: Place<'tcx>,
    location: Location,
    kind: IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx>,
}

impl<'tcx> MoveError<'tcx> {
    pub(crate) fn new(
        place: Place<'tcx>,
        location: Location,
        kind: IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx>,
    ) -> Self {
        MoveError { place, location, kind }
    }
}

// Often when desugaring a pattern match we may have many individual moves in
// MIR that are all part of one operation from the user's point-of-view. For
// example:
//
// let (x, y) = foo()
//
// would move x from the 0 field of some temporary, and y from the 1 field. We
// group such errors together for cleaner error reporting.
//
// Errors are kept separate if they are from places with different parent move
// paths. For example, this generates two errors:
//
// let (&x, &y) = (&String::new(), &String::new());
#[derive(Debug)]
enum GroupedMoveError<'tcx> {
    // Place expression can't be moved from,
    // e.g., match x[0] { s => (), } where x: &[String]
    MovesFromPlace {
        original_path: Place<'tcx>,
        span: Span,
        move_from: Place<'tcx>,
        kind: IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx>,
        binds_to: Vec<Local>,
    },
    // Part of a value expression can't be moved from,
    // e.g., match &String::new() { &x => (), }
    MovesFromValue {
        original_path: Place<'tcx>,
        span: Span,
        move_from: MovePathIndex,
        kind: IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx>,
        binds_to: Vec<Local>,
    },
    // Everything that isn't from pattern matching.
    OtherIllegalMove {
        original_path: Place<'tcx>,
        use_spans: UseSpans<'tcx>,
        kind: IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx>,
    },
}

struct PatternBindingInfo {
    pat_span: Span,
    binding_spans: Vec<Span>,
    has_mutable_by_value_binding: bool,
}

impl<'diag, 'tcx> MirBorrowckCtxt<'_, 'diag, 'tcx> {
    pub(crate) fn report_move_errors(&mut self) {
        let grouped_errors = self.group_move_errors();
        for error in grouped_errors {
            self.report(error);
        }
    }

    fn group_move_errors(&mut self) -> Vec<GroupedMoveError<'tcx>> {
        let mut grouped_errors = Vec::new();
        let errors = std::mem::take(&mut self.move_errors);
        for error in errors {
            self.append_to_grouped_errors(&mut grouped_errors, error);
        }
        grouped_errors
    }

    fn append_to_grouped_errors(
        &self,
        grouped_errors: &mut Vec<GroupedMoveError<'tcx>>,
        MoveError { place: original_path, location, kind }: MoveError<'tcx>,
    ) {
        // Note: that the only time we assign a place isn't a temporary
        // to a user variable is when initializing it.
        // If that ever stops being the case, then the ever initialized
        // flow could be used.
        if let Some(StatementKind::Assign((place, Rvalue::Use(Operand::Move(move_from), _)))) =
            self.body.basic_blocks[location.block]
                .statements
                .get(location.statement_index)
                .map(|stmt| &stmt.kind)
            && let Some(local) = place.as_local()
        {
            let local_decl = &self.body.local_decls[local];
            // opt_match_place is the
            // match_span is the span of the expression being matched on
            // match *x.y { ... }        match_place is Some(*x.y)
            //       ^^^^                match_span is the span of *x.y
            //
            // opt_match_place is None for let [mut] x = ... statements,
            // whether or not the right-hand side is a place expression
            if let LocalInfo::User(BindingForm::Var(VarBindingForm {
                opt_match_place: Some((opt_match_place, match_span)),
                ..
            })) = *local_decl.local_info()
            {
                let stmt_source_info = self.body.source_info(location);
                self.append_binding_error(
                    grouped_errors,
                    kind,
                    original_path,
                    *move_from,
                    local,
                    opt_match_place,
                    match_span,
                    stmt_source_info.span,
                );
                return;
            }
        }

        let move_spans = self.move_spans(original_path.as_ref(), location);
        grouped_errors.push(GroupedMoveError::OtherIllegalMove {
            use_spans: move_spans,
            original_path,
            kind,
        });
    }

    fn append_binding_error(
        &self,
        grouped_errors: &mut Vec<GroupedMoveError<'tcx>>,
        kind: IllegalMoveOriginKind<'tcx>,
        original_path: Place<'tcx>,
        move_from: Place<'tcx>,
        bind_to: Local,
        match_place: Option<Place<'tcx>>,
        match_span: Span,
        statement_span: Span,
    ) {
        debug!(?match_place, ?match_span, "append_binding_error");

        let from_simple_let = match_place.is_none();
        let match_place = match_place.unwrap_or(move_from);

        match self.move_data.rev_lookup.find(match_place.as_ref()) {
            // Error with the match place
            LookupResult::Parent(_) => {
                for ge in &mut *grouped_errors {
                    if let GroupedMoveError::MovesFromPlace { span, binds_to, .. } = ge
                        && match_span == *span
                    {
                        debug!("appending local({bind_to:?}) to list");
                        if !binds_to.is_empty() {
                            binds_to.push(bind_to);
                        }
                        return;
                    }
                }
                debug!("found a new move error location");

                // Don't need to point to x in let x = ... .
                let (binds_to, span) = if from_simple_let {
                    (vec![], statement_span)
                } else {
                    (vec![bind_to], match_span)
                };
                grouped_errors.push(GroupedMoveError::MovesFromPlace {
                    span,
                    move_from,
                    original_path,
                    kind,
                    binds_to,
                });
            }
            // Error with the pattern
            LookupResult::Exact(_) => {
                let LookupResult::Parent(Some(mpi)) =
                    self.move_data.rev_lookup.find(move_from.as_ref())
                else {
                    // move_from should be a projection from match_place.
                    unreachable!("Probably not unreachable...");
                };
                for ge in &mut *grouped_errors {
                    if let GroupedMoveError::MovesFromValue {
                        span,
                        move_from: other_mpi,
                        binds_to,
                        ..
                    } = ge
                    {
                        if match_span == *span && mpi == *other_mpi {
                            debug!("appending local({bind_to:?}) to list");
                            binds_to.push(bind_to);
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
                debug!("found a new move error location");
                grouped_errors.push(GroupedMoveError::MovesFromValue {
                    span: match_span,
                    move_from: mpi,
                    original_path,
                    kind,
                    binds_to: vec![bind_to],
                });
            }
        };
    }

    fn report(&mut self, error: GroupedMoveError<'tcx>) {
        let (span, use_spans, original_path, kind) = match error {
            GroupedMoveError::MovesFromPlace { span, original_path, ref kind, .. }
            | GroupedMoveError::MovesFromValue { span, original_path, ref kind, .. } => {
                (span, None, original_path, kind)
            }
            GroupedMoveError::OtherIllegalMove { use_spans, original_path, ref kind } => {
                (use_spans.args_or_use(), Some(use_spans), original_path, kind)
            }
        };
        debug!(
            "report: original_path={:?} span={:?}, kind={:?} \
             original_path.is_upvar_field_projection={:?}",
            original_path,
            span,
            kind,
            self.is_upvar_field_projection(original_path.as_ref())
        );
        if self.has_ambiguous_copy(original_path.ty(self.body, self.infcx.tcx).ty) {
            // If the type may implement Copy, skip the error.
            // It's an error with the Copy implementation (e.g. duplicate Copy) rather than borrow check
            self.dcx()
                .span_delayed_bug(span, "Type may implement copy, but there is no other error.");
            return;
        }

        let mut has_clone_suggestion = CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted;
        let mut err = match kind {
            &IllegalMoveOriginKind::BorrowedContent { target_place } => {
                let (diag, clone_sugg) = self.report_cannot_move_from_borrowed_content(
                    original_path,
                    target_place,
                    span,
                    use_spans,
                );
                has_clone_suggestion = clone_sugg;
                diag
            }
            &IllegalMoveOriginKind::InteriorOfTypeWithDestructor { container_ty: ty } => {
                self.cannot_move_out_of_interior_of_drop(span, ty)
            }
            &IllegalMoveOriginKind::InteriorOfSliceOrArray { ty, is_index } => {
                self.cannot_move_out_of_interior_noncopy(span, ty, Some(is_index))
            }
        };

        self.add_move_hints(error, &mut err, span, has_clone_suggestion);
        self.buffer_error(err);
    }

    fn has_ambiguous_copy(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
        let Some(copy_def_id) = self.infcx.tcx.lang_items().copy_trait() else { return false };

        // Avoid bogus move errors because of an incoherent `Copy` impl.
        self.infcx.type_implements_trait(copy_def_id, [ty], self.infcx.param_env).may_apply()
            && self.infcx.tcx.ensure_result().coherent_trait(copy_def_id).is_err()
    }

    fn report_cannot_move_from_static(&mut self, place: Place<'tcx>, span: Span) -> Diag<'diag> {
        let description = if place.projection.len() == 1 {
            format!("static item {}", self.describe_any_place(place.as_ref()))
        } else {
            let base_static = PlaceRef { local: place.local, projection: &[ProjectionElem::Deref] };

            format!(
                "{} as {} is a static item",
                self.describe_any_place(place.as_ref()),
                self.describe_any_place(base_static),
            )
        };

        self.cannot_move_out_of(span, &description)
    }

    pub(in crate::diagnostics) fn suggest_clone_of_captured_var_in_move_closure(
        &self,
        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
        upvar_name: &str,
        use_spans: Option<UseSpans<'tcx>>,
    ) {
        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
        let Some(use_spans) = use_spans else { return };
        // We only care about the case where a closure captured a binding.
        let UseSpans::ClosureUse { args_span, .. } = use_spans else { return };
        let Some(body_id) = tcx.hir_node(self.mir_hir_id()).body_id() else { return };
        // Find the closure that captured the binding.
        let mut expr_finder = FindExprBySpan::new(args_span, tcx);
        expr_finder.include_closures = true;
        expr_finder.visit_expr(tcx.hir_body(body_id).value);
        let Some(closure_expr) = expr_finder.result else { return };
        let ExprKind::Closure(closure) = closure_expr.kind else { return };
        // We'll only suggest cloning the binding if it's a `move` closure.
        let CaptureBy::Value { .. } = closure.capture_clause else { return };
        // Find the expression within the closure where the binding is consumed.
        let mut suggested = false;
        let use_span = use_spans.var_or_use();
        let mut expr_finder = FindExprBySpan::new(use_span, tcx);
        expr_finder.include_closures = true;
        expr_finder.visit_expr(tcx.hir_body(body_id).value);
        let Some(use_expr) = expr_finder.result else { return };
        let parent = tcx.parent_hir_node(use_expr.hir_id);
        if let Node::Expr(expr) = parent
            && let ExprKind::Assign(lhs, ..) = expr.kind
            && lhs.hir_id == use_expr.hir_id
        {
            // Cloning the value being assigned makes no sense:
            //
            // error[E0507]: cannot move out of `var`, a captured variable in an `FnMut` closure
            //   --> $DIR/option-content-move2.rs:11:9
            //    |
            // LL |     let mut var = None;
            //    |         ------- captured outer variable
            // LL |     func(|| {
            //    |          -- captured by this `FnMut` closure
            // LL |         // Shouldn't suggest `move ||.as_ref()` here
            // LL |         move || {
            //    |         ^^^^^^^ `var` is moved here
            // LL |
            // LL |             var = Some(NotCopyable);
            //    |             ---
            //    |             |
            //    |             variable moved due to use in closure
            //    |             move occurs because `var` has type `Option<NotCopyable>`, which does not implement the `Copy` trait
            //    |
            return;
        }

        // Search for an appropriate place for the structured `.clone()` suggestion to be applied.
        // If we encounter a statement before the borrow error, we insert a statement there.
        for (_, node) in tcx.hir_parent_iter(closure_expr.hir_id) {
            if let Node::Stmt(stmt) = node {
                let padding = tcx
                    .sess
                    .source_map()
                    .indentation_before(stmt.span)
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "    ".to_string());
                err.multipart_suggestion(
                    "consider cloning the value before moving it into the closure",
                    vec![
                        (
                            stmt.span.shrink_to_lo(),
                            format!("let value = {upvar_name}.clone();\n{padding}"),
                        ),
                        (use_span, "value".to_string()),
                    ],
                    Applicability::MachineApplicable,
                );
                suggested = true;
                break;
            } else if let Node::Expr(expr) = node
                && let ExprKind::Closure(_) = expr.kind
            {
                // We want to suggest cloning only on the first closure, not
                // subsequent ones (like `ui/suggestions/option-content-move2.rs`).
                break;
            }
        }
        if !suggested {
            // If we couldn't find a statement for us to insert a new `.clone()` statement before,
            // we have a bare expression, so we suggest the creation of a new block inline to go
            // from `move || val` to `{ let value = val.clone(); move || value }`.
            let padding = tcx
                .sess
                .source_map()
                .indentation_before(closure_expr.span)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| "    ".to_string());
            err.multipart_suggestion(
                "consider cloning the value before moving it into the closure",
                vec![
                    (
                        closure_expr.span.shrink_to_lo(),
                        format!("{{\n{padding}let value = {upvar_name}.clone();\n{padding}"),
                    ),
                    (use_spans.var_or_use(), "value".to_string()),
                    (closure_expr.span.shrink_to_hi(), format!("\n{padding}}}")),
                ],
                Applicability::MachineApplicable,
            );
        }
    }

    fn report_cannot_move_from_borrowed_content(
        &mut self,
        move_place: Place<'tcx>,
        deref_target_place: Place<'tcx>,
        span: Span,
        use_spans: Option<UseSpans<'tcx>>,
    ) -> (Diag<'diag>, CloneSuggestion) {
        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
        // Inspect the type of the content behind the
        // borrow to provide feedback about why this
        // was a move rather than a copy.
        let ty = deref_target_place.ty(self.body, tcx).ty;
        let upvar_field = self
            .prefixes(move_place.as_ref(), PrefixSet::All)
            .find_map(|p| self.is_upvar_field_projection(p));

        let deref_base = match deref_target_place.projection.as_ref() {
            [proj_base @ .., ProjectionElem::Deref] => {
                PlaceRef { local: deref_target_place.local, projection: proj_base }
            }
            _ => bug!("deref_target_place is not a deref projection"),
        };

        if let PlaceRef { local, projection: [] } = deref_base {
            let decl = &self.body.local_decls[local];
            let local_name = self.local_name(local).map(|sym| format!("`{sym}`"));
            if decl.is_ref_for_guard() {
                return (
                    self.cannot_move_out_of(
                        span,
                        &format!(
                            "{} in pattern guard",
                            local_name.as_deref().unwrap_or("the place")
                        ),
                    )
                    .with_note(
                        "variables bound in patterns cannot be moved from \
                         until after the end of the pattern guard",
                    ),
                    CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted,
                );
            } else if decl.is_ref_to_static() {
                return (
                    self.report_cannot_move_from_static(move_place, span),
                    CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted,
                );
            }
        }

        debug!("report: ty={:?}", ty);
        let mut err = match ty.kind() {
            ty::Array(..) | ty::Slice(..) => {
                self.cannot_move_out_of_interior_noncopy(span, ty, None)
            }
            ty::Closure(def_id, closure_args)
                if def_id.as_local() == Some(self.mir_def_id())
                    && let Some(upvar_field) = upvar_field =>
            {
                self.report_closure_move_error(
                    span,
                    move_place,
                    *def_id,
                    closure_args.as_closure().kind_ty(),
                    upvar_field,
                    ty::Asyncness::No,
                )
            }
            ty::CoroutineClosure(def_id, closure_args)
                if def_id.as_local() == Some(self.mir_def_id())
                    && let Some(upvar_field) = upvar_field
                    && self
                        .get_closure_bound_clause_span(*def_id, ty::Asyncness::Yes)
                        .is_some() =>
            {
                self.report_closure_move_error(
                    span,
                    move_place,
                    *def_id,
                    closure_args.as_coroutine_closure().kind_ty(),
                    upvar_field,
                    ty::Asyncness::Yes,
                )
            }
            _ => {
                let source = self.borrowed_content_source(deref_base);
                let move_place_ref = move_place.as_ref();
                match (
                    self.describe_place_with_options(
                        move_place_ref,
                        DescribePlaceOpt {
                            including_downcast: false,
                            including_tuple_field: false,
                        },
                    ),
                    self.describe_name(move_place_ref),
                    source.describe_for_named_place(),
                ) {
                    (Some(place_desc), Some(name), Some(source_desc)) => self.cannot_move_out_of(
                        span,
                        &format!("`{place_desc}` as enum variant `{name}` which is behind a {source_desc}"),
                    ),
                    (Some(place_desc), Some(name), None) => self.cannot_move_out_of(
                        span,
                        &format!("`{place_desc}` as enum variant `{name}`"),
                    ),
                    (Some(place_desc), _, Some(source_desc)) => self.cannot_move_out_of(
                        span,
                        &format!("`{place_desc}` which is behind a {source_desc}"),
                    ),
                    (_, _, _) => self.cannot_move_out_of(
                        span,
                        &source.describe_for_unnamed_place(tcx),
                    ),
                }
            }
        };
        let msg_opt = CapturedMessageOpt {
            is_partial_move: false,
            is_loop_message: false,
            is_move_msg: false,
            is_loop_move: false,
            has_suggest_reborrow: false,
            maybe_reinitialized_locations_is_empty: true,
        };
        let suggested_cloning = if let Some(use_spans) = use_spans {
            self.explain_captures(&mut err, span, span, use_spans, move_place, msg_opt)
        } else {
            CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted
        };
        (err, suggested_cloning)
    }

    fn report_closure_move_error(
        &self,
        span: Span,
        move_place: Place<'tcx>,
        def_id: DefId,
        closure_kind_ty: Ty<'tcx>,
        upvar_field: FieldIdx,
        asyncness: ty::Asyncness,
    ) -> Diag<'diag> {
        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;

        let closure_kind = match closure_kind_ty.to_opt_closure_kind() {
            Some(kind @ (ty::ClosureKind::Fn | ty::ClosureKind::FnMut)) => kind,
            Some(ty::ClosureKind::FnOnce) => {
                bug!("closure kind does not match first argument type")
            }
            None => bug!("closure kind not inferred by borrowck"),
        };

        let async_prefix = if asyncness.is_async() { "Async" } else { "" };
        let capture_description =
            format!("captured variable in an `{async_prefix}{closure_kind}` closure");

        let upvar = &self.upvars[upvar_field.index()];
        let upvar_hir_id = upvar.get_root_variable();
        let upvar_name = upvar.to_string(tcx);
        let upvar_span = tcx.hir_span(upvar_hir_id);

        let place_name = self.describe_any_place(move_place.as_ref());

        let place_description = if self.is_upvar_field_projection(move_place.as_ref()).is_some() {
            format!("{place_name}, a {capture_description}")
        } else {
            format!("{place_name}, as `{upvar_name}` is a {capture_description}")
        };

        debug!(?closure_kind_ty, ?closure_kind, ?place_description);

        let closure_span = tcx.def_span(def_id);

        let help_msg = format!(
            "`{async_prefix}Fn` and `{async_prefix}FnMut` closures require captured values to \
             be able to be consumed multiple times, but `{async_prefix}FnOnce` closures may \
             consume them only once"
        );

        let mut err = self
            .cannot_move_out_of(span, &place_description)
            .with_span_label(upvar_span, "captured outer variable")
            .with_span_label(
                closure_span,
                format!("captured by this `{async_prefix}{closure_kind}` closure"),
            );

        if let Some(bound_span) = self.get_closure_bound_clause_span(def_id, asyncness) {
            err.span_help(bound_span, help_msg);
        } else if !asyncness.is_async() {
            // For sync closures, always emit the help message even without a span.
            // For async closures, we only enter this branch if we found a valid span
            // (due to the match guard), so no fallback is needed.
            err.help(help_msg);
        }

        err
    }

    fn get_closure_bound_clause_span(
        &self,
        def_id: DefId,
        asyncness: ty::Asyncness,
    ) -> Option<MultiSpan> {
        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
        let typeck_result = tcx.typeck(self.mir_def_id());
        // Check whether the closure is an argument to a call, if so,
        // get the instantiated where-bounds of that call.
        let closure_hir_id = tcx.local_def_id_to_hir_id(def_id.expect_local());
        let hir::Node::Expr(parent) = tcx.parent_hir_node(closure_hir_id) else { return None };

        let mut context = vec![];
        let gen_clauses = match parent.kind {
            hir::ExprKind::Call(callee, _) => {
                let ty = typeck_result.node_type_opt(callee.hir_id)?;
                let ty::FnDef(fn_def_id, args) = *ty.kind() else { return None };
                context.push(tcx.def_span(fn_def_id).shrink_to_lo());
                if tcx.def_kind(fn_def_id) == DefKind::AssocFn {
                    context.push(tcx.def_span(tcx.parent(fn_def_id)).shrink_to_lo());
                }
                tcx.clauses_of(fn_def_id).instantiate(tcx, args.no_bound_vars().unwrap())
            }
            hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(..) => {
                let (_, method) = typeck_result.type_dependent_def(parent.hir_id)?;
                context.push(tcx.def_span(method).shrink_to_lo());
                context.push(tcx.def_span(tcx.parent(method)).shrink_to_lo());
                let args = typeck_result.node_args(parent.hir_id);
                tcx.clauses_of(method).instantiate(tcx, args)
            }
            _ => return None,
        };

        // Check whether one of the where-bounds requires the closure to impl `Fn[Mut]`
        // or `AsyncFn[Mut]`.
        for (clause, &span) in gen_clauses.clauses.iter().zip(gen_clauses.spans.iter()) {
            let clause = clause.skip_norm_wip();
            let dominated_by_fn_trait = self
                .closure_clause_kind(clause, def_id, asyncness)
                .is_some_and(|kind| matches!(kind, ty::ClosureKind::Fn | ty::ClosureKind::FnMut));
            if dominated_by_fn_trait {
                // Found `<TyOfCapturingClosure as FnMut>` or
                // `<TyOfCapturingClosure as AsyncFnMut>`.
                // We point at the bound that coerced the closure, which could be changed
                // to `FnOnce()` or `AsyncFnOnce()` to avoid the move error.
                let mut span: MultiSpan = span.into();
                for context in context {
                    span.push_span_context(context);
                }
                return Some(span);
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// If `pred` is a trait clause binding the closure `def_id` to `Fn`/`FnMut`/`FnOnce`
    /// (or their async equivalents based on `asyncness`), returns the corresponding
    /// `ClosureKind`. Otherwise returns `None`.
    fn closure_clause_kind(
        &self,
        pred: ty::Clause<'tcx>,
        def_id: DefId,
        asyncness: ty::Asyncness,
    ) -> Option<ty::ClosureKind> {
        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
        let clause = pred.as_trait_clause()?;
        let kind = match asyncness {
            ty::Asyncness::Yes => tcx.async_fn_trait_kind_from_def_id(clause.def_id()),
            ty::Asyncness::No => tcx.fn_trait_kind_from_def_id(clause.def_id()),
        }?;
        match clause.self_ty().skip_binder().kind() {
            ty::Closure(id, _) | ty::CoroutineClosure(id, _) if *id == def_id => Some(kind),
            _ => None,
        }
    }

    /// Suggest cloning via UFCS when a move occurs through a custom `Deref` impl.
    ///
    /// A simple `.clone()` on a type like `MyBox<Vec<i32>>` would clone the wrapper,
    /// not the inner `Vec<i32>`. Instead, we suggest `<Vec<i32> as Clone>::clone(&val)`.
    fn suggest_cloning_through_overloaded_deref(
        &self,
        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
        span: Span,
    ) -> CloneSuggestion {
        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
        let Some(clone_trait) = tcx.lang_items().clone_trait() else {
            return CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted;
        };
        let Some(errors) =
            self.infcx.type_implements_trait_shallow(clone_trait, ty, self.infcx.param_env)
        else {
            return CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted;
        };

        if errors.has_errors() {
            return CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted;
        }
        let sugg = vec![
            (span.shrink_to_lo(), format!("<{ty} as Clone>::clone(&")),
            (span.shrink_to_hi(), ")".to_string()),
        ];
        err.multipart_suggestion(
            "you can `clone` the value and consume it, but this might not be \
             your desired behavior",
            sugg,
            Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
        );
        CloneSuggestion::Emitted
    }

    fn add_move_hints(
        &self,
        error: GroupedMoveError<'tcx>,
        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
        span: Span,
        has_clone_suggestion: CloneSuggestion,
    ) {
        match error {
            GroupedMoveError::MovesFromPlace { mut binds_to, move_from, .. } => {
                binds_to.sort();
                binds_to.dedup();

                if binds_to.is_empty() {
                    self.add_borrow_suggestions(err, span, false);
                    let place_ty = move_from.ty(self.body, self.infcx.tcx).ty;
                    let place_desc = match self.describe_place(move_from.as_ref()) {
                        Some(desc) => format!("`{desc}`"),
                        None => "value".to_string(),
                    };

                    if let Some(expr) = self.find_expr(span) {
                        self.suggest_cloning(err, move_from.as_ref(), place_ty, expr, None);
                    }

                    err.subdiagnostic(crate::session_diagnostics::TypeNoCopy::Label {
                        is_partial_move: false,
                        ty: place_ty,
                        place: &place_desc,
                        span,
                    });
                } else {
                    let binding_info = self.pattern_binding_info(&binds_to);
                    let suggest_pattern_binding = binding_info.as_ref().is_some_and(|info| {
                        self.should_suggest_pattern_binding_instead(span, info)
                    });
                    let desugar_spans = if suggest_pattern_binding {
                        self.add_move_error_suggestions(err, &binds_to)
                    } else {
                        if self.should_suggest_borrow_instead(span, binding_info.as_ref()) {
                            self.add_borrow_suggestions(err, span, true);
                        }
                        None
                    };
                    self.add_move_error_details(
                        err,
                        &binds_to,
                        desugar_spans.as_deref().unwrap_or_default(),
                    );
                }
            }
            GroupedMoveError::MovesFromValue { mut binds_to, .. } => {
                binds_to.sort();
                binds_to.dedup();
                let desugar_spans =
                    self.add_move_error_suggestions(err, &binds_to).unwrap_or_default();
                self.add_move_error_details(err, &binds_to, &desugar_spans);
            }
            // No binding. Nothing to suggest.
            GroupedMoveError::OtherIllegalMove { ref original_path, use_spans, .. } => {
                let mut use_span = use_spans.var_or_use();
                let place_ty = original_path.ty(self.body, self.infcx.tcx).ty;
                let place_desc = match self.describe_place(original_path.as_ref()) {
                    Some(desc) => format!("`{desc}`"),
                    None => "value".to_string(),
                };

                if has_clone_suggestion == CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted {
                    // Check if the move is directly through a custom Deref impl
                    // (e.g. `*my_box` where MyBox implements Deref).
                    // A simple `.clone()` would clone the wrapper type rather than
                    // the inner value, so we need a UFCS suggestion instead.
                    //
                    // However, if there are further projections after the deref
                    // (e.g. `(*rc).field`), the value accessed is already the inner
                    // type and a simple `.clone()` works correctly.
                    let needs_ufcs = original_path.projection.last()
                        == Some(&ProjectionElem::Deref)
                        && original_path.iter_projections().any(|(place, elem)| {
                            matches!(elem, ProjectionElem::Deref)
                                && matches!(
                                    self.borrowed_content_source(place),
                                    BorrowedContentSource::OverloadedDeref(_)
                                        | BorrowedContentSource::OverloadedIndex(_)
                                )
                        });

                    let emitted_ufcs = if needs_ufcs {
                        self.suggest_cloning_through_overloaded_deref(err, place_ty, use_span)
                    } else {
                        CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted
                    };

                    if emitted_ufcs == CloneSuggestion::NotEmitted {
                        if let Some(expr) = self.find_expr(use_span) {
                            self.suggest_cloning(
                                err,
                                original_path.as_ref(),
                                place_ty,
                                expr,
                                Some(use_spans),
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }

                if let Some(upvar_field) = self
                    .prefixes(original_path.as_ref(), PrefixSet::All)
                    .find_map(|p| self.is_upvar_field_projection(p))
                {
                    // Look for the introduction of the original binding being moved.
                    let upvar = &self.upvars[upvar_field.index()];
                    let upvar_hir_id = upvar.get_root_variable();
                    use_span = match self.infcx.tcx.parent_hir_node(upvar_hir_id) {
                        hir::Node::Param(param) => {
                            // Instead of pointing at the path where we access the value within a
                            // closure, we point at the type of the outer `fn` argument.
                            param.ty_span
                        }
                        hir::Node::LetStmt(stmt) => match (stmt.ty, stmt.init) {
                            // We point at the type of the outer let-binding.
                            (Some(ty), _) => ty.span,
                            // We point at the initializer of the outer let-binding, but only if it
                            // isn't something that spans multiple lines, like a closure, as the
                            // ASCII art gets messy.
                            (None, Some(init))
                                if !self.infcx.tcx.sess.source_map().is_multiline(init.span) =>
                            {
                                init.span
                            }
                            _ => use_span,
                        },
                        _ => use_span,
                    };
                }

                err.subdiagnostic(crate::session_diagnostics::TypeNoCopy::Label {
                    is_partial_move: false,
                    ty: place_ty,
                    place: &place_desc,
                    span: use_span,
                });

                let mut pointed_at_span = false;
                use_spans.args_subdiag(err, |args_span| {
                    if args_span == span || args_span == use_span {
                        pointed_at_span = true;
                    }
                    crate::session_diagnostics::CaptureArgLabel::MoveOutPlace {
                        place: place_desc.clone(),
                        args_span,
                    }
                });
                if !pointed_at_span && use_span != span {
                    err.subdiagnostic(crate::session_diagnostics::CaptureArgLabel::MoveOutPlace {
                        place: place_desc,
                        args_span: span,
                    });
                }

                self.add_note_for_packed_struct_derive(err, original_path.local);
            }
        }
    }

    fn add_borrow_suggestions(
        &self,
        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
        span: Span,
        is_destructuring_pattern_move: bool,
    ) {
        match self.infcx.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span) {
            Ok(snippet) if snippet.starts_with('*') => {
                let sp = span.with_lo(span.lo() + BytePos(1));
                let inner = self.find_expr(sp);
                let mut is_raw_ptr = false;
                let mut is_ref = false;
                let mut is_destructuring_assignment = false;
                let mut is_nested_deref = false;
                if let Some(inner) = inner {
                    is_nested_deref =
                        matches!(inner.kind, hir::ExprKind::Unary(hir::UnOp::Deref, _));
                    let typck_result = self.infcx.tcx.typeck(self.mir_def_id());
                    if let Some(inner_type) = typck_result.node_type_opt(inner.hir_id) {
                        if matches!(inner_type.kind(), ty::RawPtr(..)) {
                            is_raw_ptr = true;
                        } else if matches!(inner_type.kind(), ty::Ref(..)) {
                            is_ref = true;
                        }
                    }
                    is_destructuring_assignment =
                        self.infcx.tcx.hir_parent_iter(inner.hir_id).any(|(_, node)| {
                            matches!(
                                node,
                                hir::Node::LetStmt(&hir::LetStmt {
                                    source: hir::LocalSource::AssignDesugar,
                                    ..
                                })
                            )
                        });
                }
                // If the `inner` is a raw pointer, do not suggest removing the "*", see #126863
                // FIXME: need to check whether the assigned object can be a raw pointer, see `tests/ui/borrowck/issue-20801.rs`.
                if is_raw_ptr {
                    return;
                }

                if !is_destructuring_pattern_move || is_ref {
                    err.span_suggestion_verbose(
                        span.with_hi(span.lo() + BytePos(1)),
                        "consider removing the dereference here",
                        String::new(),
                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                    );
                } else if !is_destructuring_assignment && !is_nested_deref {
                    err.span_suggestion_verbose(
                        span.shrink_to_lo(),
                        "consider borrowing here",
                        '&',
                        Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                    );
                } else {
                    err.span_help(
                        span,
                        "destructuring assignment cannot borrow from this expression; consider using a `let` binding instead",
                    );
                }
            }
            _ => {
                err.span_suggestion_verbose(
                    span.shrink_to_lo(),
                    "consider borrowing here",
                    '&',
                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
                );
            }
        }
    }

    fn should_suggest_pattern_binding_instead(
        &self,
        span: Span,
        binding_info: &PatternBindingInfo,
    ) -> bool {
        let Some(expr) = self.find_expr(span) else {
            return false;
        };

        let typeck_results = self.infcx.tcx.typeck(self.mir_def_id());
        let projection_qualifies = match expr.kind {
            hir::ExprKind::Field(base, ..) => {
                !typeck_results.node_type_opt(base.hir_id).is_some_and(|base_ty| {
                    binding_info.has_mutable_by_value_binding
                        && matches!(base_ty.kind(), ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Not))
                })
            }
            hir::ExprKind::Index(base, ..) => typeck_results
                .node_type_opt(base.hir_id)
                .is_some_and(|base_ty| match base_ty.kind() {
                    ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Not) | ty::RawPtr(..) => false,
                    ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Mut) => {
                        binding_info.has_mutable_by_value_binding
                    }
                    _ => true,
                }),
            _ => false,
        };
        if !projection_qualifies {
            return false;
        }

        let is_single_binding = binding_info.binding_spans.len() == 1
            && binding_info.binding_spans[0] == binding_info.pat_span;
        !is_single_binding
    }

    fn should_suggest_borrow_instead(
        &self,
        span: Span,
        binding_info: Option<&PatternBindingInfo>,
    ) -> bool {
        if !binding_info.is_some_and(|info| info.has_mutable_by_value_binding) {
            return true;
        }

        let Some(expr) = self.find_expr(span) else {
            return true;
        };

        let Some(base) = (match expr.kind {
            hir::ExprKind::Field(base, _) | hir::ExprKind::Index(base, ..) => Some(base),
            _ => None,
        }) else {
            return true;
        };

        !self
            .infcx
            .tcx
            .typeck(self.mir_def_id())
            .node_type_opt(base.hir_id)
            .is_some_and(|base_ty| matches!(base_ty.kind(), ty::Ref(_, _, hir::Mutability::Not)))
    }

    fn pattern_binding_info(&self, binds_to: &[Local]) -> Option<PatternBindingInfo> {
        let mut pat_span = None;
        let mut binding_spans = Vec::new();
        let mut has_mutable_by_value_binding = false;
        for local in binds_to {
            let bind_to = &self.body.local_decls[*local];
            if let LocalInfo::User(BindingForm::Var(VarBindingForm {
                pat_span: pat_sp,
                binding_mode,
                ..
            })) = *bind_to.local_info()
            {
                pat_span = Some(pat_sp);
                binding_spans.push(bind_to.source_info.span);
                has_mutable_by_value_binding |=
                    matches!(binding_mode, hir::BindingMode(hir::ByRef::No, hir::Mutability::Mut));
            }
        }

        Some(PatternBindingInfo {
            pat_span: pat_span?,
            binding_spans,
            has_mutable_by_value_binding,
        })
    }

    fn add_move_error_suggestions(
        &self,
        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
        binds_to: &[Local],
    ) -> Option<Vec<Span>> {
        /// A HIR visitor to associate each binding with a `&` or `&mut` that could be removed to
        /// make it bind by reference instead (if possible)
        struct BindingFinder<'tcx> {
            typeck_results: &'tcx ty::TypeckResults<'tcx>,
            tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>,
            /// Input: the span of the pattern we're finding bindings in
            pat_span: Span,
            /// Input: the spans of the bindings we're providing suggestions for
            binding_spans: Vec<Span>,
            /// Internal state: have we reached the pattern we're finding bindings in?
            found_pat: bool,
            /// Internal state: the innermost `&` or `&mut` "above" the visitor
            ref_pat: Option<&'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>>,
            /// Internal state: could removing a `&` give bindings unexpected types?
            has_adjustments: bool,
            /// Output: for each input binding, the `&` or `&mut` to remove to make it by-ref
            ref_pat_for_binding: Vec<(Span, Option<&'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>>)>,
            /// Output: ref patterns that can't be removed straightforwardly
            cannot_remove: FxHashSet<HirId>,
            /// Output: binding spans from destructuring assignment desugaring
            desugar_binding_spans: Vec<Span>,
        }
        impl<'tcx> Visitor<'tcx> for BindingFinder<'tcx> {
            type NestedFilter = rustc_middle::hir::nested_filter::OnlyBodies;

            fn maybe_tcx(&mut self) -> Self::MaybeTyCtxt {
                self.tcx
            }

            fn visit_expr(&mut self, ex: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>) -> Self::Result {
                // Don't walk into const patterns or anything else that might confuse this
                if !self.found_pat {
                    hir::intravisit::walk_expr(self, ex)
                }
            }

            fn visit_pat(&mut self, p: &'tcx hir::Pat<'tcx>) {
                if p.span == self.pat_span {
                    self.found_pat = true;
                }

                let parent_has_adjustments = self.has_adjustments;
                self.has_adjustments |=
                    self.typeck_results.pat_adjustments().contains_key(p.hir_id);

                // Track the innermost `&` or `&mut` enclosing bindings, to suggest removing it.
                let parent_ref_pat = self.ref_pat;
                if let hir::PatKind::Ref(..) = p.kind {
                    self.ref_pat = Some(p);
                    // To avoid edition-dependent logic to figure out how many refs this `&` can
                    // peel off, simply don't remove the "parent" `&`.
                    self.cannot_remove.extend(parent_ref_pat.map(|r| r.hir_id));
                    if self.has_adjustments {
                        // Removing this `&` could give child bindings unexpected types, so don't.
                        self.cannot_remove.insert(p.hir_id);
                        // As long the `&` stays, child patterns' types should be as expected.
                        self.has_adjustments = false;
                    }
                }

                if let hir::PatKind::Binding(_, _, ident, _) = p.kind {
                    // Skip synthetic bindings from destructuring assignment desugaring
                    // These have name `lhs` and their parent is a `LetStmt` with
                    // `LocalSource::AssignDesugar`
                    let dominated_by_desugar_assign = ident.name == sym::lhs
                        && self.tcx.hir_parent_iter(p.hir_id).any(|(_, node)| {
                            matches!(
                                node,
                                hir::Node::LetStmt(&hir::LetStmt {
                                    source: hir::LocalSource::AssignDesugar,
                                    ..
                                })
                            )
                        });

                    if dominated_by_desugar_assign {
                        if let Some(&bind_sp) =
                            self.binding_spans.iter().find(|bind_sp| bind_sp.contains(ident.span))
                        {
                            self.desugar_binding_spans.push(bind_sp);
                        }
                    } else {
                        // the spans in `binding_spans` encompass both the ident and binding mode
                        if let Some(&bind_sp) =
                            self.binding_spans.iter().find(|bind_sp| bind_sp.contains(ident.span))
                        {
                            self.ref_pat_for_binding.push((bind_sp, self.ref_pat));
                        } else {
                            // we've encountered a binding that we're not reporting a move error for.
                            // we don't want to change its type, so don't remove the surrounding `&`.
                            if let Some(ref_pat) = self.ref_pat {
                                self.cannot_remove.insert(ref_pat.hir_id);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                hir::intravisit::walk_pat(self, p);
                self.ref_pat = parent_ref_pat;
                self.has_adjustments = parent_has_adjustments;
            }
        }
        let Some(binding_info) = self.pattern_binding_info(binds_to) else {
            return None;
        };

        let tcx = self.infcx.tcx;
        let Some(body) = tcx.hir_maybe_body_owned_by(self.mir_def_id()) else {
            return None;
        };
        let typeck_results = self.infcx.tcx.typeck(self.mir_def_id());
        let mut finder = BindingFinder {
            typeck_results,
            tcx,
            pat_span: binding_info.pat_span,
            binding_spans: binding_info.binding_spans,
            found_pat: false,
            ref_pat: None,
            has_adjustments: false,
            ref_pat_for_binding: Vec::new(),
            cannot_remove: FxHashSet::default(),
            desugar_binding_spans: Vec::new(),
        };
        finder.visit_body(body);

        let mut suggestions = Vec::new();
        for (binding_span, opt_ref_pat) in finder.ref_pat_for_binding {
            if let Some(ref_pat) = opt_ref_pat
                && !finder.cannot_remove.contains(&ref_pat.hir_id)
                && let hir::PatKind::Ref(subpat, pinned, mutbl) = ref_pat.kind
                && let Some(ref_span) = ref_pat.span.trim_end(subpat.span)
            {
                let pinned_str = if pinned.is_pinned() { "pinned " } else { "" };
                let mutable_str = if mutbl.is_mut() { "mutable " } else { "" };
                let msg = format!("consider removing the {pinned_str}{mutable_str}borrow");
                suggestions.push((ref_span, msg, "".to_string()));
            } else {
                let msg = "consider borrowing the pattern binding".to_string();
                suggestions.push((binding_span.shrink_to_lo(), msg, "ref ".to_string()));
            }
        }
        suggestions.sort_unstable_by_key(|&(span, _, _)| span.lo_hi());
        suggestions.dedup_by_key(|&mut (span, _, _)| span.lo_hi());
        for (span, msg, suggestion) in suggestions {
            err.span_suggestion_verbose(span, msg, suggestion, Applicability::MachineApplicable);
        }

        Some(finder.desugar_binding_spans)
    }

    fn add_move_error_details(
        &self,
        err: &mut Diag<'_>,
        binds_to: &[Local],
        desugar_spans: &[Span],
    ) {
        for (j, local) in binds_to.iter().enumerate() {
            let bind_to = &self.body.local_decls[*local];
            let binding_span = bind_to.source_info.span;

            if binds_to.len() == 1 {
                let place_desc = self.local_name(*local).map(|sym| format!("`{sym}`"));

                err.subdiagnostic(crate::session_diagnostics::TypeNoCopy::LabelMovedHere {
                    ty: bind_to.ty,
                    place: place_desc.as_deref().unwrap_or("the place"),
                    span: binding_span,
                });

                if !desugar_spans.contains(&binding_span)
                    && let Some(expr) = self.find_expr(binding_span)
                {
                    let local_place: PlaceRef<'tcx> = (*local).into();
                    self.suggest_cloning(err, local_place, bind_to.ty, expr, None);
                }
            } else if j == 0 {
                err.span_label(binding_span, "data moved here");
            } else if j == 5 && binds_to.len() > 6 && !self.infcx.tcx.sess.opts.verbose {
                err.note(format!("...and {} other places", binds_to.len() - 5));
                break;
            } else {
                err.span_label(binding_span, "...and here");
            }
        }

        if binds_to.len() > 1 {
            err.note(
                "move occurs because these variables have types that don't implement the `Copy` \
                 trait",
            );
        }
    }

    /// Adds an explanatory note if the move error occurs in a derive macro
    /// expansion of a packed struct.
    /// Such errors happen because derive macro expansions shy away from taking
    /// references to the struct's fields since doing so would be undefined behaviour
    fn add_note_for_packed_struct_derive(&self, err: &mut Diag<'_>, local: Local) {
        let local_place: PlaceRef<'tcx> = local.into();
        let local_ty = local_place.ty(self.body.local_decls(), self.infcx.tcx).ty.peel_refs();

        if let Some(adt) = local_ty.ty_adt_def()
            && adt.repr().packed()
            && let ExpnKind::Macro(MacroKind::Derive, name) =
                self.body.span.ctxt().outer_expn_data().kind
        {
            err.note(format!("`#[derive({name})]` triggers a move because taking references to the fields of a packed struct is undefined behaviour"));
        }
    }
}