rustc_codegen_ssa/mir/

place.rs

use std::ops::Deref as _;

use rustc_abi::{
    Align, BackendRepr, FieldIdx, FieldsShape, Size, TagEncoding, VariantIdx, Variants,
};
use rustc_middle::mir;
use rustc_middle::mir::PlaceTy;
use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::Scalar;
use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{HasTyCtxt, HasTypingEnv, LayoutOf, TyAndLayout};
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty};
use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, bug};
use tracing::{debug, instrument};

use super::operand::OperandValue;
use super::{FunctionCx, LocalRef};
use crate::common::IntPredicate;
use crate::size_of_val;
use crate::traits::*;

/// The location and extra runtime properties of the place.
///
/// Typically found in a [`PlaceRef`] or an [`OperandValue::Ref`].
///
/// As a location in memory, this has no specific type. If you want to
/// load or store it using a typed operation, use [`Self::with_type`].
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PlaceValue<V> {
    /// A pointer to the contents of the place.
    pub llval: V,

    /// This place's extra data if it is unsized, or `None` if null.
    pub llextra: Option<V>,

    /// The alignment we know for this place.
    pub align: Align,
}

impl<V: CodegenObject> PlaceValue<V> {
    /// Constructor for the ordinary case of `Sized` types.
    ///
    /// Sets `llextra` to `None`.
    pub fn new_sized(llval: V, align: Align) -> PlaceValue<V> {
        PlaceValue { llval, llextra: None, align }
    }

    /// Allocates a stack slot in the function for a value
    /// of the specified size and alignment.
    ///
    /// The allocation itself is untyped.
    pub fn alloca<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        bx: &mut Bx,
        size: Size,
        align: Align,
    ) -> PlaceValue<V> {
        let llval = bx.alloca(size, align);
        PlaceValue::new_sized(llval, align)
    }

    /// Creates a `PlaceRef` to this location with the given type.
    pub fn with_type<'tcx>(self, layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, V> {
        assert!(
            layout.is_unsized() || layout.is_uninhabited() || self.llextra.is_none(),
            "Had pointer metadata {:?} for sized type {layout:?}",
            self.llextra,
        );
        PlaceRef { val: self, layout }
    }

    /// Gets the pointer to this place as an [`OperandValue::Immediate`]
    /// or, for those needing metadata, an [`OperandValue::Pair`].
    ///
    /// This is the inverse of [`OperandValue::deref`].
    pub fn address(self) -> OperandValue<V> {
        if let Some(llextra) = self.llextra {
            OperandValue::Pair(self.llval, llextra)
        } else {
            OperandValue::Immediate(self.llval)
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PlaceRef<'tcx, V> {
    /// The location and extra runtime properties of the place.
    pub val: PlaceValue<V>,

    /// The monomorphized type of this place, including variant information.
    ///
    /// You probably shouldn't use the alignment from this layout;
    /// rather you should use the `.val.align` of the actual place,
    /// which might be different from the type's normal alignment.
    pub layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
}

impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> PlaceRef<'tcx, V> {
    pub fn new_sized(llval: V, layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, V> {
        PlaceRef::new_sized_aligned(llval, layout, layout.align.abi)
    }

    pub fn new_sized_aligned(
        llval: V,
        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
        align: Align,
    ) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, V> {
        assert!(layout.is_sized());
        PlaceValue::new_sized(llval, align).with_type(layout)
    }

    // FIXME(eddyb) pass something else for the name so no work is done
    // unless LLVM IR names are turned on (e.g. for `--emit=llvm-ir`).
    pub fn alloca<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        bx: &mut Bx,
        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
    ) -> Self {
        // FIXME(rustc_scalable_vector/stdarch_aarch64_sve): Scalable vectors aren't actually sized,
        // but we pretend they are. Here we have to hack around that.
        if layout.peel_transparent_wrappers_from_non_1zst(bx).deref().is_scalable_vector() {
            Self::alloca_scalable(bx, layout)
        } else {
            Self::alloca_size(bx, layout.size, layout)
        }
    }

    pub fn alloca_size<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        bx: &mut Bx,
        size: Size,
        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
    ) -> Self {
        assert!(layout.is_sized(), "tried to statically allocate unsized place");
        PlaceValue::alloca(bx, size, layout.align.abi).with_type(layout)
    }

    /// Returns a place for an indirect reference to an unsized place.
    // FIXME(eddyb) pass something else for the name so no work is done
    // unless LLVM IR names are turned on (e.g. for `--emit=llvm-ir`).
    pub fn alloca_unsized_indirect<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        bx: &mut Bx,
        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
    ) -> Self {
        assert!(layout.is_unsized(), "tried to allocate indirect place for sized values");
        let ptr_ty = Ty::new_mut_ptr(bx.cx().tcx(), layout.ty);
        let ptr_layout = bx.cx().layout_of(ptr_ty);
        Self::alloca(bx, ptr_layout)
    }

    pub fn len<Cx: ConstCodegenMethods<Value = V>>(&self, cx: &Cx) -> V {
        if let FieldsShape::Array { count, .. } = self.layout.fields {
            if self.layout.is_unsized() {
                assert_eq!(count, 0);
                self.val.llextra.unwrap()
            } else {
                cx.const_usize(count)
            }
        } else {
            bug!("unexpected layout `{:#?}` in PlaceRef::len", self.layout)
        }
    }

    fn alloca_scalable<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        bx: &mut Bx,
        layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
    ) -> Self {
        PlaceValue::new_sized(
            // FIXME why is this peeling at all? The LLVM type should be the same for the
            // transparent wrapper and the inner type.
            bx.alloca_with_ty(layout.peel_transparent_wrappers_from_non_1zst(bx)),
            layout.align.abi,
        )
        .with_type(layout)
    }
}

impl<'a, 'tcx, V: CodegenObject> PlaceRef<'tcx, V> {
    /// Access a field, at a point when the value's case is known.
    pub fn project_field<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        self,
        bx: &mut Bx,
        ix: usize,
    ) -> Self {
        let field = self.layout.field(bx.cx(), ix);
        let offset = self.layout.fields.offset(ix);
        let effective_field_align = self.val.align.restrict_for_offset(offset);

        // `simple` is called when we don't need to adjust the offset to
        // the dynamic alignment of the field.
        let mut simple = || {
            let llval = if offset.bytes() == 0 {
                self.val.llval
            } else {
                bx.inbounds_ptradd(self.val.llval, bx.const_usize(offset.bytes()))
            };
            let val = PlaceValue {
                llval,
                llextra: if bx.cx().tcx().type_has_metadata(field.ty, bx.cx().typing_env()) {
                    self.val.llextra
                } else {
                    None
                },
                align: effective_field_align,
            };
            val.with_type(field)
        };

        // Simple cases, which don't need DST adjustment:
        //   * known alignment - sized types, `[T]`, `str`
        //   * offset 0 -- rounding up to alignment cannot change the offset
        // Note that looking at `field.align` is incorrect since that is not necessarily equal
        // to the dynamic alignment of the type.
        match field.ty.kind() {
            _ if field.is_sized() => return simple(),
            ty::Slice(..) | ty::Str => return simple(),
            _ if offset.bytes() == 0 => return simple(),
            _ => {}
        }

        // We need to get the pointer manually now.
        // We do this by casting to a `*i8`, then offsetting it by the appropriate amount.
        // We do this instead of, say, simply adjusting the pointer from the result of a GEP
        // because the field may have an arbitrary alignment in the LLVM representation.
        //
        // To demonstrate:
        //
        //     struct Foo<T: ?Sized> {
        //         x: u16,
        //         y: T
        //     }
        //
        // The type `Foo<Foo<Trait>>` is represented in LLVM as `{ u16, { u16, u8 }}`, meaning that
        // the `y` field has 16-bit alignment.

        let meta = self.val.llextra;

        let unaligned_offset = bx.cx().const_usize(offset.bytes());

        // Get the alignment of the field. No span is available here to blame a layout error on.
        let (_, mut unsized_align) =
            size_of_val::size_and_align_of_dst(bx, field.ty, meta, DUMMY_SP);

        // For packed types, we need to cap alignment.
        if let ty::Adt(def, _) = self.layout.ty.kind()
            && let Some(packed) = def.repr().pack
        {
            let packed = bx.const_usize(packed.bytes());
            let cmp = bx.icmp(IntPredicate::IntULT, unsized_align, packed);
            unsized_align = bx.select(cmp, unsized_align, packed)
        }

        // Bump the unaligned offset up to the appropriate alignment
        let offset = round_up_const_value_to_alignment(bx, unaligned_offset, unsized_align);

        debug!("struct_field_ptr: DST field offset: {:?}", offset);

        // Adjust pointer.
        let ptr = bx.inbounds_ptradd(self.val.llval, offset);
        let val =
            PlaceValue { llval: ptr, llextra: self.val.llextra, align: effective_field_align };
        val.with_type(field)
    }

    /// Sets the discriminant for a new value of the given case of the given
    /// representation.
    pub fn codegen_set_discr<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        &self,
        bx: &mut Bx,
        variant_index: VariantIdx,
    ) {
        match codegen_tag_value(bx.cx(), variant_index, self.layout) {
            Err(UninhabitedVariantError) => {
                // We play it safe by using a well-defined `abort`, but we could go for immediate UB
                // if that turns out to be helpful.
                bx.abort_immediate();
            }
            Ok(Some((tag_field, imm))) => {
                let tag_place = self.project_field(bx, tag_field.as_usize());
                OperandValue::Immediate(imm).store(bx, tag_place);
            }
            Ok(None) => {}
        }
    }

    pub fn project_index<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        &self,
        bx: &mut Bx,
        llindex: V,
    ) -> Self {
        // Statically compute the offset if we can, otherwise just use the element size,
        // as this will yield the lowest alignment.
        let layout = self.layout.field(bx, 0);
        let offset = if let Some(llindex) = bx.const_to_opt_uint(llindex) {
            layout.size.checked_mul(llindex, bx).unwrap_or(layout.size)
        } else {
            layout.size
        };

        let llval = bx.inbounds_nuw_gep(bx.cx().backend_type(layout), self.val.llval, &[llindex]);
        let align = self.val.align.restrict_for_offset(offset);
        PlaceValue::new_sized(llval, align).with_type(layout)
    }

    pub fn project_downcast<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        &self,
        bx: &mut Bx,
        variant_index: VariantIdx,
    ) -> Self {
        let mut downcast = *self;
        downcast.layout = self.layout.for_variant(bx.cx(), variant_index);
        downcast
    }

    pub fn project_type<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(
        &self,
        bx: &mut Bx,
        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
    ) -> Self {
        let mut downcast = *self;
        downcast.layout = bx.cx().layout_of(ty);
        downcast
    }

    pub fn storage_live<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(&self, bx: &mut Bx) {
        bx.lifetime_start(self.val.llval, self.layout.size);
    }

    pub fn storage_dead<Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx, Value = V>>(&self, bx: &mut Bx) {
        bx.lifetime_end(self.val.llval, self.layout.size);
    }

    /// The same place, but with [`PlaceValue::align`] lowered to [`Align::ONE`].
    pub fn unaligned(self) -> Self {
        let Self { val, layout } = self;
        let val = PlaceValue { align: Align::ONE, ..val };
        Self { val, layout }
    }
}

impl<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>> FunctionCx<'a, 'tcx, Bx> {
    #[instrument(level = "trace", skip(self, bx))]
    pub fn codegen_place(
        &mut self,
        bx: &mut Bx,
        place_ref: mir::PlaceRef<'tcx>,
    ) -> PlaceRef<'tcx, Bx::Value> {
        let cx = self.cx;
        let tcx = self.cx.tcx();

        let mut base = 0;
        let mut cg_base = match self.locals[place_ref.local] {
            LocalRef::Place(place) => place,
            LocalRef::UnsizedPlace(place) => bx.load_operand(place).deref(cx),
            LocalRef::Operand(..) => {
                if place_ref.is_indirect_first_projection() {
                    base = 1;
                    let cg_base = self.codegen_consume(
                        bx,
                        mir::PlaceRef { projection: &place_ref.projection[..0], ..place_ref },
                    );
                    cg_base.deref(bx.cx())
                } else {
                    bug!("using operand local {:?} as place", place_ref);
                }
            }
            LocalRef::PendingOperand => {
                bug!("using still-pending operand local {:?} as place", place_ref);
            }
        };
        for elem in place_ref.projection[base..].iter() {
            cg_base = match *elem {
                mir::ProjectionElem::Deref => bx.load_operand(cg_base).deref(bx.cx()),
                mir::ProjectionElem::PhantomDeref => {
                    bug!("encountered PhantomDeref in codegen")
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::Field(ref field, _) => {
                    assert!(
                        !cg_base.layout.ty.is_any_ptr(),
                        "Bad PlaceRef: destructing pointers should use cast/PtrMetadata, \
                         but tried to access field {field:?} of pointer {cg_base:?}",
                    );
                    cg_base.project_field(bx, field.index())
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::OpaqueCast(ty) => {
                    bug!("encountered OpaqueCast({ty}) in codegen")
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::UnwrapUnsafeBinder(ty) => {
                    cg_base.project_type(bx, self.monomorphize(ty))
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::Index(index) => {
                    let index = &mir::Operand::Copy(mir::Place::from(index));
                    let index = self.codegen_operand(bx, index);
                    let llindex = index.immediate();
                    cg_base.project_index(bx, llindex)
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, from_end: false, min_length: _ } => {
                    let lloffset = bx.cx().const_usize(offset);
                    cg_base.project_index(bx, lloffset)
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::ConstantIndex { offset, from_end: true, min_length: _ } => {
                    let lloffset = bx.cx().const_usize(offset);
                    let lllen = cg_base.len(bx.cx());
                    let llindex = bx.sub(lllen, lloffset);
                    cg_base.project_index(bx, llindex)
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::Subslice { from, to, from_end } => {
                    let mut subslice = cg_base.project_index(bx, bx.cx().const_usize(from));
                    let projected_ty =
                        PlaceTy::from_ty(cg_base.layout.ty).projection_ty(tcx, *elem).ty;
                    subslice.layout = bx.cx().layout_of(self.monomorphize(projected_ty));

                    if subslice.layout.is_unsized() {
                        assert!(from_end, "slice subslices should be `from_end`");
                        subslice.val.llextra = Some(
                            bx.sub(cg_base.val.llextra.unwrap(), bx.cx().const_usize(from + to)),
                        );
                    }

                    subslice
                }
                mir::ProjectionElem::Downcast(_, v) => cg_base.project_downcast(bx, v),
            };
        }
        debug!("codegen_place(place={:?}) => {:?}", place_ref, cg_base);
        cg_base
    }

    pub fn monomorphized_place_ty(&self, place_ref: mir::PlaceRef<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
        let tcx = self.cx.tcx();
        let place_ty = place_ref.ty(self.mir, tcx);
        self.monomorphize(place_ty.ty)
    }
}

fn round_up_const_value_to_alignment<'a, 'tcx, Bx: BuilderMethods<'a, 'tcx>>(
    bx: &mut Bx,
    value: Bx::Value,
    align: Bx::Value,
) -> Bx::Value {
    // In pseudo code:
    //
    //     if value & (align - 1) == 0 {
    //         value
    //     } else {
    //         (value & !(align - 1)) + align
    //     }
    //
    // Usually this is written without branches as
    //
    //     (value + align - 1) & !(align - 1)
    //
    // But this formula cannot take advantage of constant `value`. E.g. if `value` is known
    // at compile time to be `1`, this expression should be optimized to `align`. However,
    // optimization only holds if `align` is a power of two. Since the optimizer doesn't know
    // that `align` is a power of two, it cannot perform this optimization.
    //
    // Instead we use
    //
    //     value + (-value & (align - 1))
    //
    // Since `align` is used only once, the expression can be optimized. For `value = 0`
    // its optimized to `0` even in debug mode.
    //
    // NB: The previous version of this code used
    //
    //     (value + align - 1) & -align
    //
    // Even though `-align == !(align - 1)`, LLVM failed to optimize this even for
    // `value = 0`. Bug report: https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=48559
    let one = bx.const_usize(1);
    let align_minus_1 = bx.sub(align, one);
    let neg_value = bx.neg(value);
    let offset = bx.and(neg_value, align_minus_1);
    bx.add(value, offset)
}

/// Calculates the value that needs to be stored to mark the discriminant.
///
/// This might be `None` for a `struct` or a niched variant (like `Some(&3)`).
///
/// If it's `Some`, it returns the value to store and the field in which to
/// store it. Note that this value is *not* the same as the discriminant, in
/// general, as it might be a niche value or have a different size.
///
/// It might also be an `Err` because the variant is uninhabited.
pub(super) fn codegen_tag_value<'tcx, V>(
    cx: &impl CodegenMethods<'tcx, Value = V>,
    variant_index: VariantIdx,
    layout: TyAndLayout<'tcx>,
) -> Result<Option<(FieldIdx, V)>, UninhabitedVariantError> {
    // By checking uninhabited-ness first we don't need to worry about types
    // like `(u32, !)` which are single-variant but weird.
    if layout.is_variant_uninhabited(variant_index) {
        return Err(UninhabitedVariantError);
    }

    Ok(match layout.variants {
        Variants::Empty => unreachable!("we already handled uninhabited types"),
        Variants::Single { index } => {
            assert_eq!(index, variant_index);
            None
        }

        Variants::Multiple { tag_encoding: TagEncoding::Direct, tag_field, .. } => {
            let discr = layout.ty.discriminant_for_variant(cx.tcx(), variant_index);
            let to = discr.unwrap().val;
            let tag_layout = layout.field(cx, tag_field.as_usize());
            let tag_llty = cx.immediate_backend_type(tag_layout);
            let imm = cx.const_uint_big(tag_llty, to);
            Some((tag_field, imm))
        }
        Variants::Multiple {
            tag_encoding: TagEncoding::Niche { untagged_variant, ref niche_variants, niche_start },
            tag_field,
            ..
        } => {
            if variant_index != untagged_variant {
                let niche_layout = layout.field(cx, tag_field.as_usize());
                let niche_llty = cx.immediate_backend_type(niche_layout);
                let BackendRepr::Scalar(scalar) = niche_layout.backend_repr else {
                    bug!("expected a scalar placeref for the niche");
                };
                // We are supposed to compute `niche_value.wrapping_add(niche_start)` wrapping
                // around the `niche`'s type.
                // The easiest way to do that is to do wrapping arithmetic on `u128` and then
                // masking off any extra bits that occur because we did the arithmetic with too many bits.
                let niche_value = variant_index.as_u32() - niche_variants.start.as_u32();
                let niche_value = (niche_value as u128).wrapping_add(niche_start);
                let niche_value = niche_value & niche_layout.size.unsigned_int_max();

                let niche_llval = cx.scalar_to_backend(
                    Scalar::from_uint(niche_value, niche_layout.size),
                    scalar,
                    niche_llty,
                );
                Some((tag_field, niche_llval))
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
    })
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub(super) struct UninhabitedVariantError;