Trait core::marker::Copy

1.0.0 · source ·
pub trait Copy: Clone { }
Expand description

Types whose values can be duplicated simply by copying bits.

By default, variable bindings have ‘move semantics.’ In other words:

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Foo;

let x = Foo;

let y = x;

// `x` has moved into `y`, and so cannot be used

// println!("{x:?}"); // error: use of moved value
Run

However, if a type implements Copy, it instead has ‘copy semantics’:

// We can derive a `Copy` implementation. `Clone` is also required, as it's
// a supertrait of `Copy`.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
struct Foo;

let x = Foo;

let y = x;

// `y` is a copy of `x`

println!("{x:?}"); // A-OK!
Run

It’s important to note that in these two examples, the only difference is whether you are allowed to access x after the assignment. Under the hood, both a copy and a move can result in bits being copied in memory, although this is sometimes optimized away.

§How can I implement Copy?

There are two ways to implement Copy on your type. The simplest is to use derive:

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct MyStruct;
Run

You can also implement Copy and Clone manually:

struct MyStruct;

impl Copy for MyStruct { }

impl Clone for MyStruct {
    fn clone(&self) -> MyStruct {
        *self
    }
}
Run

There is a small difference between the two: the derive strategy will also place a Copy bound on type parameters, which isn’t always desired.

§What’s the difference between Copy and Clone?

Copies happen implicitly, for example as part of an assignment y = x. The behavior of Copy is not overloadable; it is always a simple bit-wise copy.

Cloning is an explicit action, x.clone(). The implementation of Clone can provide any type-specific behavior necessary to duplicate values safely. For example, the implementation of Clone for String needs to copy the pointed-to string buffer in the heap. A simple bitwise copy of String values would merely copy the pointer, leading to a double free down the line. For this reason, String is Clone but not Copy.

Clone is a supertrait of Copy, so everything which is Copy must also implement Clone. If a type is Copy then its Clone implementation only needs to return *self (see the example above).

§When can my type be Copy?

A type can implement Copy if all of its components implement Copy. For example, this struct can be Copy:

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct Point {
   x: i32,
   y: i32,
}
Run

A struct can be Copy, and i32 is Copy, therefore Point is eligible to be Copy. By contrast, consider

struct PointList {
    points: Vec<Point>,
}
Run

The struct PointList cannot implement Copy, because Vec<T> is not Copy. If we attempt to derive a Copy implementation, we’ll get an error:

the trait `Copy` cannot be implemented for this type; field `points` does not implement `Copy`

Shared references (&T) are also Copy, so a type can be Copy, even when it holds shared references of types T that are not Copy. Consider the following struct, which can implement Copy, because it only holds a shared reference to our non-Copy type PointList from above:

#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
struct PointListWrapper<'a> {
    point_list_ref: &'a PointList,
}
Run

§When can’t my type be Copy?

Some types can’t be copied safely. For example, copying &mut T would create an aliased mutable reference. Copying String would duplicate responsibility for managing the String’s buffer, leading to a double free.

Generalizing the latter case, any type implementing Drop can’t be Copy, because it’s managing some resource besides its own size_of::<T> bytes.

If you try to implement Copy on a struct or enum containing non-Copy data, you will get the error E0204.

§When should my type be Copy?

Generally speaking, if your type can implement Copy, it should. Keep in mind, though, that implementing Copy is part of the public API of your type. If the type might become non-Copy in the future, it could be prudent to omit the Copy implementation now, to avoid a breaking API change.

§Additional implementors

In addition to the implementors listed below, the following types also implement Copy:

  • Function item types (i.e., the distinct types defined for each function)
  • Function pointer types (e.g., fn() -> i32)
  • Closure types, if they capture no value from the environment or if all such captured values implement Copy themselves. Note that variables captured by shared reference always implement Copy (even if the referent doesn’t), while variables captured by mutable reference never implement Copy.

Object Safety§

This trait is not object safe.

Implementors§

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impl Copy for AsciiChar

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impl Copy for core::cmp::Ordering

1.34.0 · source§

impl Copy for Infallible

1.28.0 · source§

impl Copy for core::fmt::Alignment

1.7.0 · source§

impl Copy for IpAddr

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impl Copy for Ipv6MulticastScope

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impl Copy for SocketAddr

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impl Copy for FpCategory

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impl Copy for SearchStep

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impl Copy for core::sync::atomic::Ordering

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impl Copy for bool

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impl Copy for char

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impl Copy for f32

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impl Copy for f64

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impl Copy for i8

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impl Copy for i16

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impl Copy for i32

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impl Copy for i64

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impl Copy for i128

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impl Copy for isize

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impl Copy for !

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impl Copy for u8

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impl Copy for u16

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impl Copy for u32

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impl Copy for u64

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impl Copy for u128

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impl Copy for usize

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impl Copy for AllocError

1.28.0 · source§

impl Copy for Layout

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impl Copy for TypeId

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x1_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x1x2_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x1x3_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x1x4_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x2_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x2x2_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x2x3_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float64x2x4_t

Available on AArch64 only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x2x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x2x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x2x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x4x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x4x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for float32x4x4_t

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impl Copy for int8x4_t

Available on ARM only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x8_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x8x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x8x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x8x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x16_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x16x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x16x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int8x16x4_t

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impl Copy for int16x2_t

Available on ARM only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x4x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x4x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x4x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x8_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x8x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x8x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int16x8x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x2x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x2x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x2x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x4x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x4x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int32x4x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x1_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x1x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x1x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x1x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x2x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x2x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for int64x2x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x8_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x8x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x8x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x8x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x16_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x16x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x16x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly8x16x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x4x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x4x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x4x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x8_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x8x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x8x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly16x8x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x1_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x1x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x1x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x1x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x2x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x2x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for poly64x2x4_t

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impl Copy for uint8x4_t

Available on ARM only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x8_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x8x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x8x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x8x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x16_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x16x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x16x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint8x16x4_t

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impl Copy for uint16x2_t

Available on ARM only.
1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x4x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x4x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x4x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x8_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x8x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x8x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint16x8x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x2x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x2x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x2x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x4x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x4x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint32x4x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x1_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x1x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x1x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x1x4_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x2x2_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x2x3_t

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for uint64x2x4_t

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impl Copy for vector_bool_char

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_bool_int

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_bool_long

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_bool_short

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_double

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_float

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_signed_char

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_signed_int

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_signed_long

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_signed_short

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_unsigned_char

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_unsigned_int

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_unsigned_long

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
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impl Copy for vector_unsigned_short

Available on PowerPC or PowerPC-64 only.
1.54.0 · source§

impl Copy for v128

Available on target_family="wasm" only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for CpuidResult

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m128

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
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impl Copy for __m128bh

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m128d

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m128i

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m256

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
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impl Copy for __m256bh

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m256d

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.27.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m256i

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.72.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m512

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
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impl Copy for __m512bh

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.72.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m512d

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.72.0 · source§

impl Copy for __m512i

Available on x86 or x86-64 only.
1.34.0 · source§

impl Copy for TryFromSliceError

1.34.0 · source§

impl Copy for CharTryFromError

1.59.0 · source§

impl Copy for TryFromCharError

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impl Copy for Error

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impl Copy for Assume

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impl Copy for Ipv4Addr

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impl Copy for Ipv6Addr

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impl Copy for SocketAddrV4

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impl Copy for SocketAddrV6

1.34.0 · source§

impl Copy for TryFromIntError

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impl Copy for RangeFull

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impl Copy for core::ptr::Alignment

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impl Copy for TimSortRun

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impl Copy for Utf8Error

1.36.0 · source§

impl Copy for RawWakerVTable

1.3.0 · source§

impl Copy for Duration

1.33.0 · source§

impl Copy for PhantomPinned

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impl<'a> Copy for Arguments<'a>

1.10.0 · source§

impl<'a> Copy for Location<'a>

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impl<'a, T: Copy + 'a, const N: usize> Copy for ArrayWindows<'a, T, N>

1.55.0 · source§

impl<B: Copy, C: Copy> Copy for ControlFlow<B, C>

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impl<Dyn: ?Sized> Copy for DynMetadata<Dyn>

1.28.0 · source§

impl<F: Copy> Copy for RepeatWith<F>

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impl<Idx: Copy> Copy for RangeTo<Idx>

1.26.0 · source§

impl<Idx: Copy> Copy for RangeToInclusive<Idx>

1.33.0 · source§

impl<Ptr: Copy> Copy for Pin<Ptr>

1.21.0 · source§

impl<T> Copy for Discriminant<T>

1.28.0 · source§

impl<T> Copy for NonZero<T>

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impl<T, const N: usize> Copy for Mask<T, N>

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impl<T, const N: usize> Copy for Simd<T, N>

1.20.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy + ?Sized> Copy for ManuallyDrop<T>

1.17.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy> Copy for Bound<T>

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impl<T: Copy> Copy for Option<T>

1.36.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy> Copy for Poll<T>

1.19.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy> Copy for Reverse<T>

1.74.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy> Copy for Saturating<T>

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impl<T: Copy> Copy for Wrapping<T>

1.36.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy> Copy for MaybeUninit<T>

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impl<T: Copy, E: Copy> Copy for Result<T, E>

1.58.0 · source§

impl<T: Copy, const N: usize> Copy for [T; N]

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impl<T: ?Sized> Copy for *const T

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impl<T: ?Sized> Copy for *mut T

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impl<T: ?Sized> Copy for &T

Shared references can be copied, but mutable references cannot!

1.25.0 · source§

impl<T: ?Sized> Copy for NonNull<T>

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impl<T: ?Sized> Copy for PhantomData<T>

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impl<Y: Copy, R: Copy> Copy for CoroutineState<Y, R>