Literals and operators
Integers 1
, floats 1.2
, characters 'a'
, strings "abc"
, booleans true
and the unit type ()
can be expressed using literals.
Integers can, alternatively, be expressed using hexadecimal, octal or binary
notation using these prefixes respectively: 0x
, 0o
or 0b
.
Underscores can be inserted in numeric literals to improve readability, e.g.
1_000
is the same as 1000
, and 0.000_001
is the same as 0.000001
.
Rust also supports scientific E-notation, e.g. 1e6
, 7.6e-4
. The
associated type is f64
.
We need to tell the compiler the type of the literals we use. For now,
we'll use the u32
suffix to indicate that the literal is an unsigned 32-bit
integer, and the i32
suffix to indicate that it's a signed 32-bit integer.
The operators available and their precedence in Rust are similar to other C-like languages.
fn main() { // Integer addition println!("1 + 2 = {}", 1u32 + 2); // Integer subtraction println!("1 - 2 = {}", 1i32 - 2); // TODO ^ Try changing `1i32` to `1u32` to see why the type is important // Scientific notation println!("1e4 is {}, -2.5e-3 is {}", 1e4, -2.5e-3); // Short-circuiting boolean logic println!("true AND false is {}", true && false); println!("true OR false is {}", true || false); println!("NOT true is {}", !true); // Bitwise operations println!("0011 AND 0101 is {:04b}", 0b0011u32 & 0b0101); println!("0011 OR 0101 is {:04b}", 0b0011u32 | 0b0101); println!("0011 XOR 0101 is {:04b}", 0b0011u32 ^ 0b0101); println!("1 << 5 is {}", 1u32 << 5); println!("0x80 >> 2 is 0x{:x}", 0x80u32 >> 2); // Use underscores to improve readability! println!("One million is written as {}", 1_000_000u32); }