Struct BufReader

pub struct BufReader<R: ?Sized> { /* private fields */ }

The BufReader<R> struct adds buffering to any reader.

It can be excessively inefficient to work directly with a Read instance. For example, every call to read on TcpStream results in a system call. A BufReader<R> performs large, infrequent reads on the underlying Read and maintains an in-memory buffer of the results.

BufReader<R> can improve the speed of programs that make small and repeated read calls to the same file or network socket. It does not help when reading very large amounts at once, or reading just one or a few times. It also provides no advantage when reading from a source that is already in memory, like a Vec<u8>.

When the BufReader<R> is dropped, the contents of its buffer will be discarded. Creating multiple instances of a BufReader<R> on the same stream can cause data loss. Reading from the underlying reader after unwrapping the BufReader<R> with BufReader::into_inner can also cause data loss.

Examples

use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io::BufReader;
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let mut reader = BufReader::new(f);

    let mut line = String::new();
    let len = reader.read_line(&mut line)?;
    println!("First line is {len} bytes long");
    Ok(())
}

Implementations

impl<R: Read> BufReader<R>

pub fn new(inner: R) -> BufReader<R>

Creates a new BufReader<R> with a default buffer capacity. The default is currently 8 KiB, but may change in the future.

Examples

use std::io::BufReader;
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let reader = BufReader::new(f);
    Ok(())
}

pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize, inner: R) -> BufReader<R>

Creates a new BufReader<R> with the specified buffer capacity.

Examples

Creating a buffer with ten bytes of capacity:

use std::io::BufReader;
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let reader = BufReader::with_capacity(10, f);
    Ok(())
}

impl<R: Read + ?Sized> BufReader<R>

pub fn peek(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<&[u8]>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bufreader_peek #128405)

Attempt to look ahead n bytes.

n must be less than or equal to capacity.

the returned slice may be less than n bytes long if end of file is reached.

Examples

#![feature(bufreader_peek)]
use std::io::{Read, BufReader};

let mut bytes = &b"oh, hello"[..];
let mut rdr = BufReader::with_capacity(6, &mut bytes);
assert_eq!(rdr.peek(2).unwrap(), b"oh");
let mut buf = [0; 4];
rdr.read(&mut buf[..]).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&buf, b"oh, ");
assert_eq!(rdr.peek(2).unwrap(), b"he");
let mut s = String::new();
rdr.read_to_string(&mut s).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&s, "hello");
assert_eq!(rdr.peek(1).unwrap().len(), 0);

impl<R: ?Sized> BufReader<R>

pub fn get_ref(&self) -> &R

Gets a reference to the underlying reader.

It is inadvisable to directly read from the underlying reader.

Examples

use std::io::BufReader;
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let reader = BufReader::new(f1);

    let f2 = reader.get_ref();
    Ok(())
}

pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut R

Gets a mutable reference to the underlying reader.

It is inadvisable to directly read from the underlying reader.

Examples

use std::io::BufReader;
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let mut reader = BufReader::new(f1);

    let f2 = reader.get_mut();
    Ok(())
}

pub fn buffer(&self) -> &[u8]

Returns a reference to the internally buffered data.

Unlike fill_buf, this will not attempt to fill the buffer if it is empty.

Examples

use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead};
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let mut reader = BufReader::new(f);
    assert!(reader.buffer().is_empty());

    if reader.fill_buf()?.len() > 0 {
        assert!(!reader.buffer().is_empty());
    }
    Ok(())
}

pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of bytes the internal buffer can hold at once.

Examples

use std::io::{BufReader, BufRead};
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let mut reader = BufReader::new(f);

    let capacity = reader.capacity();
    let buffer = reader.fill_buf()?;
    assert!(buffer.len() <= capacity);
    Ok(())
}

pub fn into_inner(self) -> R

where R: Sized,

Unwraps this BufReader<R>, returning the underlying reader.

Note that any leftover data in the internal buffer is lost. Therefore, a following read from the underlying reader may lead to data loss.

Examples

use std::io::BufReader;
use std::fs::File;

fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
    let f1 = File::open("log.txt")?;
    let reader = BufReader::new(f1);

    let f2 = reader.into_inner();
    Ok(())
}

impl<R: ?Sized + Seek> BufReader<R>

pub fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> Result<()>

Seeks relative to the current position. If the new position lies within the buffer, the buffer will not be flushed, allowing for more efficient seeks. This method does not return the location of the underlying reader, so the caller must track this information themselves if it is required.

Trait Implementations

impl<R: ?Sized + Read> BufRead for BufReader<R>

fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8]>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty.

fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read.

fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (buf_read_has_data_left #86423)

Checks if the underlying Read has any data left to be read.

fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize>

Reads all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize>

Skips all bytes until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached.

fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize>

Reads all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided String buffer.

fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte.

fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the lines of this reader.

impl<R> Debug for BufReader<R>

where R: ?Sized + Debug,

fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<R: ?Sized + Read> Read for BufReader<R>

fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read.

fn read_buf(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<()>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf #78485)

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer.

fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()>

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill buf.

fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<()>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf #78485)

Reads the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor.

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers.

fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector #69941)

Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation.

fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf.

fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize>

Reads all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf.

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self

where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read.

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes.

fn chain<R: Read>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another.

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it.

impl<R: ?Sized + Seek> Seek for BufReader<R>

fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64>

Seek to an offset, in bytes, in the underlying reader.

The position used for seeking with SeekFrom::Current(_) is the position the underlying reader would be at if the BufReader<R> had no internal buffer.

Seeking always discards the internal buffer, even if the seek position would otherwise fall within it. This guarantees that calling BufReader::into_inner() immediately after a seek yields the underlying reader at the same position.

To seek without discarding the internal buffer, use BufReader::seek_relative.

See std::io::Seek for more details.

Note: In the edge case where you’re seeking with SeekFrom::Current(n) where n minus the internal buffer length overflows an i64, two seeks will be performed instead of one. If the second seek returns Err, the underlying reader will be left at the same position it would have if you called seek with SeekFrom::Current(0).

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64>

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream.

The value returned is equivalent to self.seek(SeekFrom::Current(0)) but does not flush the internal buffer. Due to this optimization the function does not guarantee that calling .into_inner() immediately afterwards will yield the underlying reader at the same position. Use BufReader::seek instead if you require that guarantee.

Panics

This function will panic if the position of the inner reader is smaller than the amount of buffered data. That can happen if the inner reader has an incorrect implementation of Seek::stream_position, or if the position has gone out of sync due to calling Seek::seek directly on the underlying reader.

Example

use std::{
    io::{self, BufRead, BufReader, Seek},
    fs::File,
};

fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
    let mut f = BufReader::new(File::open("foo.txt")?);

    let before = f.stream_position()?;
    f.read_line(&mut String::new())?;
    let after = f.stream_position()?;

    println!("The first line was {} bytes long", after - before);
    Ok(())
}

fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> Result<()>

Seeks relative to the current position.

If the new position lies within the buffer, the buffer will not be flushed, allowing for more efficient seeks. This method does not return the location of the underlying reader, so the caller must track this information themselves if it is required.

fn rewind(&mut self) -> Result<()>

Rewind to the beginning of a stream.

fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_stream_len #59359)

Returns the length of this stream (in bytes).