Struct std::sync::OnceLock

pub struct OnceLock<T> { /* private fields */ }

A synchronization primitive which can be written to only once.

This type is a thread-safe OnceCell, and can be used in statics.

Examples

Using OnceLock to store a function’s previously computed value (a.k.a. ‘lazy static’ or ‘memoizing’):

use std::sync::OnceLock;

struct DeepThought {
    answer: String,
}

impl DeepThought {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            // M3 Ultra takes about 16 million years in --release config
            answer: Self::great_question(),
        }
    }
}

fn computation() -> &'static DeepThought {
    // n.b. static items do not call [`Drop`] on program termination, so if
    // [`DeepThought`] impls Drop, that will not be used for this instance.
    static COMPUTATION: OnceLock<DeepThought> = OnceLock::new();
    COMPUTATION.get_or_init(|| DeepThought::new())
}

// The `DeepThought` is built, stored in the `OnceLock`, and returned.
let _ = computation().answer;
// The `DeepThought` is retrieved from the `OnceLock` and returned.
let _ = computation().answer;

Writing to a OnceLock from a separate thread:

use std::sync::OnceLock;

static CELL: OnceLock<usize> = OnceLock::new();

// `OnceLock` has not been written to yet.
assert!(CELL.get().is_none());

// Spawn a thread and write to `OnceLock`.
std::thread::spawn(|| {
    let value = CELL.get_or_init(|| 12345);
    assert_eq!(value, &12345);
})
.join()
.unwrap();

// `OnceLock` now contains the value.
assert_eq!(
    CELL.get(),
    Some(&12345),
);

Implementations

impl<T> OnceLock<T>

pub const fn new() -> OnceLock<T>

Creates a new empty cell.

pub fn get(&self) -> Option<&T>

Gets the reference to the underlying value.

Returns None if the cell is empty, or being initialized. This method never blocks.

pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>

Gets the mutable reference to the underlying value.

Returns None if the cell is empty. This method never blocks.

pub fn set(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), T>

Sets the contents of this cell to value.

May block if another thread is currently attempting to initialize the cell. The cell is guaranteed to contain a value when set returns, though not necessarily the one provided.

Returns Ok(()) if the cell’s value was set by this call.

Examples

use std::sync::OnceLock;

static CELL: OnceLock<i32> = OnceLock::new();

fn main() {
    assert!(CELL.get().is_none());

    std::thread::spawn(|| {
        assert_eq!(CELL.set(92), Ok(()));
    }).join().unwrap();

    assert_eq!(CELL.set(62), Err(62));
    assert_eq!(CELL.get(), Some(&92));
}

pub fn try_insert(&self, value: T) -> Result<&T, (&T, T)>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (once_cell_try_insert #116693)

Sets the contents of this cell to value if the cell was empty, then returns a reference to it.

May block if another thread is currently attempting to initialize the cell. The cell is guaranteed to contain a value when set returns, though not necessarily the one provided.

Returns Ok(&value) if the cell was empty and Err(&current_value, value) if it was full.

Examples

#![feature(once_cell_try_insert)]

use std::sync::OnceLock;

static CELL: OnceLock<i32> = OnceLock::new();

fn main() {
    assert!(CELL.get().is_none());

    std::thread::spawn(|| {
        assert_eq!(CELL.try_insert(92), Ok(&92));
    }).join().unwrap();

    assert_eq!(CELL.try_insert(62), Err((&92, 62)));
    assert_eq!(CELL.get(), Some(&92));
}

pub fn get_or_init<F>(&self, f: F) -> &T

where F: FnOnce() -> T,

Gets the contents of the cell, initializing it with f if the cell was empty.

Many threads may call get_or_init concurrently with different initializing functions, but it is guaranteed that only one function will be executed.

Panics

If f panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell remains uninitialized.

It is an error to reentrantly initialize the cell from f. The exact outcome is unspecified. Current implementation deadlocks, but this may be changed to a panic in the future.

Examples

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let cell = OnceLock::new();
let value = cell.get_or_init(|| 92);
assert_eq!(value, &92);
let value = cell.get_or_init(|| unreachable!());
assert_eq!(value, &92);

pub fn get_mut_or_init<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut T

where F: FnOnce() -> T,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (once_cell_get_mut #121641)

Gets the mutable reference of the contents of the cell, initializing it with f if the cell was empty.

Many threads may call get_mut_or_init concurrently with different initializing functions, but it is guaranteed that only one function will be executed.

Panics

If f panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell remains uninitialized.

Examples

#![feature(once_cell_get_mut)]

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let mut cell = OnceLock::new();
let value = cell.get_mut_or_init(|| 92);
assert_eq!(*value, 92);

*value += 2;
assert_eq!(*value, 94);

let value = cell.get_mut_or_init(|| unreachable!());
assert_eq!(*value, 94);

pub fn get_or_try_init<F, E>(&self, f: F) -> Result<&T, E>

where F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (once_cell_try #109737)

Gets the contents of the cell, initializing it with f if the cell was empty. If the cell was empty and f failed, an error is returned.

Panics

If f panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell remains uninitialized.

It is an error to reentrantly initialize the cell from f. The exact outcome is unspecified. Current implementation deadlocks, but this may be changed to a panic in the future.

Examples

#![feature(once_cell_try)]

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let cell = OnceLock::new();
assert_eq!(cell.get_or_try_init(|| Err(())), Err(()));
assert!(cell.get().is_none());
let value = cell.get_or_try_init(|| -> Result<i32, ()> {
    Ok(92)
});
assert_eq!(value, Ok(&92));
assert_eq!(cell.get(), Some(&92))

pub fn get_mut_or_try_init<F, E>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<&mut T, E>

where F: FnOnce() -> Result<T, E>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (once_cell_get_mut #121641)

Gets the mutable reference of the contents of the cell, initializing it with f if the cell was empty. If the cell was empty and f failed, an error is returned.

Panics

If f panics, the panic is propagated to the caller, and the cell remains uninitialized.

Examples

#![feature(once_cell_get_mut)]

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let mut cell: OnceLock<u32> = OnceLock::new();

// Failed initializers do not change the value
assert!(cell.get_mut_or_try_init(|| "not a number!".parse()).is_err());
assert!(cell.get().is_none());

let value = cell.get_mut_or_try_init(|| "1234".parse());
assert_eq!(value, Ok(&mut 1234));
*value.unwrap() += 2;
assert_eq!(cell.get(), Some(&1236))

pub fn into_inner(self) -> Option<T>

Consumes the OnceLock, returning the wrapped value. Returns None if the cell was empty.

Examples

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let cell: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
assert_eq!(cell.into_inner(), None);

let cell = OnceLock::new();
cell.set("hello".to_string()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(cell.into_inner(), Some("hello".to_string()));

pub fn take(&mut self) -> Option<T>

Takes the value out of this OnceLock, moving it back to an uninitialized state.

Has no effect and returns None if the OnceLock hasn’t been initialized.

Safety is guaranteed by requiring a mutable reference.

Examples

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let mut cell: OnceLock<String> = OnceLock::new();
assert_eq!(cell.take(), None);

let mut cell = OnceLock::new();
cell.set("hello".to_string()).unwrap();
assert_eq!(cell.take(), Some("hello".to_string()));
assert_eq!(cell.get(), None);

Trait Implementations

impl<T: Clone> Clone for OnceLock<T>

fn clone(&self) -> OnceLock<T>

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl<T: Debug> Debug for OnceLock<T>

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Default for OnceLock<T>

fn default() -> OnceLock<T>

Creates a new empty cell.

Example

use std::sync::OnceLock;

fn main() {
    assert_eq!(OnceLock::<()>::new(), OnceLock::default());
}

impl<T> Drop for OnceLock<T>

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<T> From<T> for OnceLock<T>

fn from(value: T) -> Self

Create a new cell with its contents set to value.

Example

use std::sync::OnceLock;

let a = OnceLock::from(3);
let b = OnceLock::new();
b.set(3)?;
assert_eq!(a, b);
Ok(())

impl<T: PartialEq> PartialEq for OnceLock<T>

fn eq(&self, other: &OnceLock<T>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl<T: Eq> Eq for OnceLock<T>

impl<T: RefUnwindSafe + UnwindSafe> RefUnwindSafe for OnceLock<T>

impl<T: Send> Send for OnceLock<T>

impl<T: Sync + Send> Sync for OnceLock<T>

impl<T: UnwindSafe> UnwindSafe for OnceLock<T>