rustc_attr_parsing/attributes/

link_attrs.rs

use rustc_abi::ExternAbi;
use rustc_ast::ItemKind;
use rustc_attr_ir::AttributeKind::{LinkName, LinkOrdinal, LinkSection};
use rustc_attr_ir::*;
use rustc_errors::msg;
use rustc_feature::{AttributeStability, Features};
use rustc_lint_defs::builtin::{ILL_FORMED_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT, UNUSED_ATTRIBUTES};
use rustc_session::Session;
use rustc_session::diagnostics::feature_err;
use rustc_span::edition::Edition::Edition2024;
use rustc_span::kw;
use rustc_structures::NativeLibKind;
use rustc_target::spec::{Arch, BinaryFormat};

use super::prelude::*;
use super::util::parse_single_integer;
use crate::attributes::AttributeSafety;
use crate::attributes::cfg::parse_cfg_entry;
use crate::diagnostics::{
    AsNeededCompatibility, BothFfiConstAndPure, BundleNeedsStatic, EmptyLinkName,
    ExportSymbolsNeedsStatic, ImportNameTypeRaw, ImportNameTypeX86, IncompatibleWasmLink,
    InvalidLinkModifier, InvalidMachoSection, InvalidMachoSectionReason, Link, LinkFrameworkApple,
    LinkOrdinalOutOfRange, LinkRequiresName, MultipleModifiers, NullOnLinkName, NullOnLinkSection,
    RawDylibOnlyWindows, WholeArchiveNeedsStatic,
};

pub(crate) struct LinkNameParser;

impl SingleAttributeParser for LinkNameParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::link_name];
    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate = OnDuplicate::WarnButFutureError;
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowListWarnRest(&[
        Allow(Target::ForeignFn),
        Allow(Target::ForeignStatic),
    ]);
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(
        NameValueStr: "name",
        "https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html#the-link_name-attribute"
    );
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = AttributeStability::Stable;

    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>, args: &ArgParser) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let nv = cx.expect_name_value(args, cx.attr_span, None)?;
        let name = cx.expect_string_literal(nv)?;

        if name.as_str().contains('\0') {
            // `#[link_name = ...]` will be converted to a null-terminated string,
            // so it may not contain any null characters.
            cx.emit_err(NullOnLinkName { span: nv.value_span });
            return None;
        }
        if name.is_empty() {
            // Otherwise LLVM will just make up a name and the linker will fail
            // to find an empty symbol name.
            cx.emit_err(EmptyLinkName { span: nv.value_span });
            return None;
        }

        Some(LinkName { name, span: cx.attr_span })
    }
}

pub(crate) struct LinkParser;

impl CombineAttributeParser for LinkParser {
    type Item = LinkEntry;
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::link];
    const CONVERT: ConvertFn<Self::Item> = AttributeKind::Link;
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(List: &[
            r#"name = "...""#,
            r#"name = "...", kind = "dylib|static|...""#,
            r#"name = "...", wasm_import_module = "...""#,
            r#"name = "...", import_name_type = "decorated|noprefix|undecorated""#,
            r#"name = "...", kind = "dylib|static|...", wasm_import_module = "...", import_name_type = "decorated|noprefix|undecorated""#,
        ], "https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html#the-link-attribute");
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> =
        AllowedTargets::AllowListWarnRest(&[Allow(Target::ForeignMod)]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = AttributeStability::Stable;

    fn extend(
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
        args: &ArgParser,
    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item> {
        let items = match args {
            ArgParser::List(list) => list,
            // This is an edgecase added because making this a hard error would break too many crates
            // Specifically `#[link = "dl"]` is accepted with a FCW
            // For more information, see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/143193
            ArgParser::NameValue(nv) if nv.value_as_str().is_some_and(|v| v == sym::dl) => {
                cx.adcx().warn_ill_formed_attribute_input(ILL_FORMED_ATTRIBUTE_INPUT);
                return None;
            }
            _ => {
                let attr_span = cx.attr_span;
                cx.adcx().expected_list(attr_span, args);
                return None;
            }
        };

        let sess = cx.sess();
        let features = cx.features();

        let mut name = None;
        let mut kind = None;
        let mut modifiers = None;
        let mut cfg = None;
        let mut wasm_import_module = None;
        let mut import_name_type = None;
        for item in items.mixed() {
            let Some(item) = item.meta_item() else {
                cx.adcx().expected_not_literal(item.span());
                continue;
            };

            let cont = match item.path().word().map(|ident| ident.name) {
                Some(sym::name) => Self::parse_link_name(item, &mut name, cx),
                Some(sym::kind) => Self::parse_link_kind(item, &mut kind, cx, sess, features),
                Some(sym::modifiers) => Self::parse_link_modifiers(item, &mut modifiers, cx),
                Some(sym::cfg) => Self::parse_link_cfg(item, &mut cfg, cx, sess, features),
                Some(sym::wasm_import_module) => {
                    Self::parse_link_wasm_import_module(item, &mut wasm_import_module, cx)
                }
                Some(sym::import_name_type) => {
                    Self::parse_link_import_name_type(item, &mut import_name_type, cx)
                }
                _ => {
                    cx.adcx().expected_specific_argument_strings(
                        item.span(),
                        &[
                            sym::name,
                            sym::kind,
                            sym::modifiers,
                            sym::cfg,
                            sym::wasm_import_module,
                            sym::import_name_type,
                        ],
                    );
                    true
                }
            };
            if !cont {
                return None;
            }
        }

        // Do this outside the above loop so we don't depend on modifiers coming after kinds
        let mut verbatim = None;
        if let Some((modifiers, span)) = modifiers {
            for modifier in modifiers.as_str().split(',') {
                let (modifier, value): (Symbol, bool) =
                    if let Some(m) = modifier.strip_prefix(['+', '-']) {
                        (Symbol::intern(m), modifier.starts_with('+'))
                    } else {
                        cx.emit_err(InvalidLinkModifier { span });
                        continue;
                    };

                macro report_unstable_modifier($feature: ident) {
                    if !features.$feature() {
                        feature_err(
                            sess,
                            sym::$feature,
                            span,
                            format!("linking modifier `{modifier}` is unstable"),
                        )
                        .emit();
                    }
                }
                let assign_modifier = |dst: &mut Option<bool>| {
                    if dst.is_some() {
                        cx.emit_err(MultipleModifiers { span, modifier });
                    } else {
                        *dst = Some(value);
                    }
                };
                match (modifier, &mut kind) {
                    (sym::bundle, Some(NativeLibKind::Static { bundle, .. })) => {
                        assign_modifier(bundle)
                    }
                    (sym::bundle, _) => {
                        cx.emit_err(BundleNeedsStatic { span });
                    }

                    (sym::export_symbols, Some(NativeLibKind::Static { export_symbols, .. })) => {
                        assign_modifier(export_symbols)
                    }

                    (sym::export_symbols, _) => {
                        cx.emit_err(ExportSymbolsNeedsStatic { span });
                    }

                    (sym::verbatim, _) => assign_modifier(&mut verbatim),

                    (
                        sym::whole_dash_archive,
                        Some(NativeLibKind::Static { whole_archive, .. }),
                    ) => assign_modifier(whole_archive),
                    (sym::whole_dash_archive, _) => {
                        cx.emit_err(WholeArchiveNeedsStatic { span });
                    }

                    (
                        sym::as_dash_needed,
                        Some(
                            NativeLibKind::Dylib { as_needed }
                            | NativeLibKind::Framework { as_needed }
                            | NativeLibKind::RawDylib { as_needed },
                        ),
                    ) => {
                        report_unstable_modifier!(native_link_modifiers_as_needed);
                        assign_modifier(as_needed)
                    }
                    (sym::as_dash_needed, _) => {
                        cx.emit_err(AsNeededCompatibility { span });
                    }

                    _ => {
                        cx.adcx().expected_specific_argument_strings(
                            span,
                            &[
                                sym::bundle,
                                sym::export_symbols,
                                sym::verbatim,
                                sym::whole_dash_archive,
                                sym::as_dash_needed,
                            ],
                        );
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if let Some((_, span)) = wasm_import_module {
            if name.is_some() || kind.is_some() || modifiers.is_some() || cfg.is_some() {
                cx.emit_err(IncompatibleWasmLink { span });
            }
        }

        if wasm_import_module.is_some() {
            (name, kind) = (wasm_import_module, Some(NativeLibKind::WasmImportModule));
        }
        let Some((name, _name_span)) = name else {
            cx.emit_err(LinkRequiresName { span: cx.attr_span });
            return None;
        };

        // Do this outside of the loop so that `import_name_type` can be specified before `kind`.
        if let Some((_, span)) = import_name_type {
            if !matches!(kind, Some(NativeLibKind::RawDylib { .. })) {
                cx.emit_err(ImportNameTypeRaw { span });
            }
        }

        Some(LinkEntry {
            span: cx.attr_span,
            kind: kind.unwrap_or(NativeLibKind::Unspecified),
            name,
            cfg,
            verbatim,
            import_name_type,
        })
    }

    fn finalize_check(cx: &mut FinalizeCheckContext<'_, '_>, attr_span: Span) {
        if cx.target != Target::ForeignMod {
            return;
        }

        let item = cx.target_item.expect("missing AST target item for Target::ForeignMod");
        let ItemKind::ForeignMod(fm) = &item.kind else {
            panic!("expected foreign module AST target item for Target::ForeignMod");
        };
        let abi = fm.abi.map_or(ExternAbi::FALLBACK, |abi| {
            abi.symbol_unescaped.as_str().parse().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
                cx.dcx().span_delayed_bug(
                    abi.span,
                    "LinkParser::finalize_check was unable to pre-detect the ABI, so it continues to use the recovery value solely to check for unused_attributes in the lint; a user error E0703 will be reported later in lower_abi",
                );
                ExternAbi::Rust
            })
        });
        if matches!(abi, ExternAbi::Rust) {
            cx.emit_lint(UNUSED_ATTRIBUTES, Link, attr_span);
        }
    }
}

impl LinkParser {
    fn parse_link_name(
        item: &MetaItemParser,
        name: &mut Option<(Symbol, Span)>,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> bool {
        if name.is_some() {
            cx.adcx().duplicate_key(item.span(), sym::name);
            return true;
        }
        let Some(nv) = cx.expect_name_value(item.args(), item.span(), Some(sym::name)) else {
            return false;
        };
        let Some(link_name) = cx.expect_string_literal(nv) else {
            return false;
        };

        if link_name.as_str().contains('\0') {
            cx.emit_err(NullOnLinkName { span: nv.value_span });
        }
        if link_name.is_empty() {
            cx.emit_err(EmptyLinkName { span: nv.value_span });
        }

        *name = Some((link_name, nv.value_span));
        true
    }

    fn parse_link_kind(
        item: &MetaItemParser,
        kind: &mut Option<NativeLibKind>,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
        sess: &Session,
        features: &Features,
    ) -> bool {
        if kind.is_some() {
            cx.adcx().duplicate_key(item.span(), sym::kind);
            return true;
        }
        let Some(nv) = cx.expect_name_value(item.args(), item.span(), Some(sym::kind)) else {
            return true;
        };
        let Some(link_kind) = cx.expect_string_literal(nv) else {
            return true;
        };

        let link_kind = match link_kind {
            kw::Static => {
                NativeLibKind::Static { bundle: None, whole_archive: None, export_symbols: None }
            }
            sym::dylib => NativeLibKind::Dylib { as_needed: None },
            sym::framework => {
                if !sess.target.is_like_darwin {
                    cx.emit_err(LinkFrameworkApple { span: nv.value_span });
                }
                NativeLibKind::Framework { as_needed: None }
            }
            sym::raw_dash_dylib => {
                if sess.target.is_like_windows {
                    // raw-dylib is stable and working on Windows
                } else if sess.target.binary_format == BinaryFormat::Elf && features.raw_dylib_elf()
                {
                    // raw-dylib is unstable on ELF, but the user opted in
                } else if sess.target.binary_format == BinaryFormat::Elf && sess.is_nightly_build()
                {
                    feature_err(
                        sess,
                        sym::raw_dylib_elf,
                        nv.value_span,
                        msg!("link kind `raw-dylib` is unstable on ELF platforms"),
                    )
                    .emit();
                } else {
                    cx.emit_err(RawDylibOnlyWindows { span: nv.value_span });
                }

                NativeLibKind::RawDylib { as_needed: None }
            }
            sym::link_dash_arg => {
                if !features.link_arg_attribute() {
                    feature_err(
                        sess,
                        sym::link_arg_attribute,
                        nv.value_span,
                        msg!("link kind `link-arg` is unstable"),
                    )
                    .emit();
                }
                NativeLibKind::LinkArg
            }
            _kind => {
                cx.adcx().expected_specific_argument_strings(
                    nv.value_span,
                    &[
                        kw::Static,
                        sym::dylib,
                        sym::framework,
                        sym::raw_dash_dylib,
                        sym::link_dash_arg,
                    ],
                );
                return true;
            }
        };
        *kind = Some(link_kind);
        true
    }

    fn parse_link_modifiers(
        item: &MetaItemParser,
        modifiers: &mut Option<(Symbol, Span)>,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> bool {
        if modifiers.is_some() {
            cx.adcx().duplicate_key(item.span(), sym::modifiers);
            return true;
        }
        let Some(nv) = cx.expect_name_value(item.args(), item.span(), Some(sym::modifiers)) else {
            return true;
        };
        let Some(link_modifiers) = cx.expect_string_literal(nv) else {
            return true;
        };
        *modifiers = Some((link_modifiers, nv.value_span));
        true
    }

    fn parse_link_cfg(
        item: &MetaItemParser,
        cfg: &mut Option<CfgEntry>,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
        sess: &Session,
        features: &Features,
    ) -> bool {
        if cfg.is_some() {
            cx.adcx().duplicate_key(item.span(), sym::cfg);
            return true;
        }
        let Some(link_cfg) = cx.expect_single_element_list(item.args(), item.span()) else {
            return true;
        };
        if !features.link_cfg() {
            feature_err(sess, sym::link_cfg, item.span(), msg!("link cfg is unstable")).emit();
        }
        *cfg = parse_cfg_entry(cx, link_cfg).ok();
        true
    }

    fn parse_link_wasm_import_module(
        item: &MetaItemParser,
        wasm_import_module: &mut Option<(Symbol, Span)>,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> bool {
        if wasm_import_module.is_some() {
            cx.adcx().duplicate_key(item.span(), sym::wasm_import_module);
            return true;
        }
        let Some(nv) =
            cx.expect_name_value(item.args(), item.span(), Some(sym::wasm_import_module))
        else {
            return true;
        };
        let Some(link_wasm_import_module) = cx.expect_string_literal(nv) else {
            return true;
        };
        *wasm_import_module = Some((link_wasm_import_module, item.span()));
        true
    }

    fn parse_link_import_name_type(
        item: &MetaItemParser,
        import_name_type: &mut Option<(PeImportNameType, Span)>,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
    ) -> bool {
        if import_name_type.is_some() {
            cx.adcx().duplicate_key(item.span(), sym::import_name_type);
            return true;
        }
        let Some(nv) = cx.expect_name_value(item.args(), item.span(), Some(sym::import_name_type))
        else {
            return true;
        };
        let Some(link_import_name_type) = cx.expect_string_literal(nv) else {
            return true;
        };
        if cx.sess().target.arch != Arch::X86 {
            cx.emit_err(ImportNameTypeX86 { span: item.span() });
            return true;
        }

        let link_import_name_type = match link_import_name_type {
            sym::decorated => PeImportNameType::Decorated,
            sym::noprefix => PeImportNameType::NoPrefix,
            sym::undecorated => PeImportNameType::Undecorated,
            _ => {
                cx.adcx().expected_specific_argument_strings(
                    item.span(),
                    &[sym::decorated, sym::noprefix, sym::undecorated],
                );
                return true;
            }
        };
        *import_name_type = Some((link_import_name_type, item.span()));
        true
    }
}

pub(crate) struct LinkSectionParser;

fn check_link_section_macho(name: Symbol) -> Result<(), InvalidMachoSectionReason> {
    let mut parts = name.as_str().split(',').map(|s| s.trim());

    // The segment can be empty.
    let _segment = parts.next();

    // But the section is required.
    let section = match parts.next() {
        None | Some("") => return Err(InvalidMachoSectionReason::MissingSection),
        Some(section) => section,
    };

    if section.len() > 16 {
        return Err(InvalidMachoSectionReason::SectionTooLong { section: section.to_string() });
    }

    // LLVM also checks the other components of the section specifier, but that logic is hard to
    // keep in sync. We skip it here for now, assuming that if you got that far you'll be able
    // to interpret the LLVM errors.

    Ok(())
}

impl SingleAttributeParser for LinkSectionParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::link_section];
    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate = OnDuplicate::WarnButFutureError;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Unsafe {
        note: "the program's behavior with overridden link sections on items is unpredictable and Rust cannot provide guarantees when you manually override them",
        unsafe_since: Some(Edition2024),
    };
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = AttributeStability::Stable;
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowListWarnRest(&[
        Allow(Target::Static),
        Allow(Target::Fn),
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::Inherent)),
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::Trait { body: true })),
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::TraitImpl)),
    ]);
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(
        NameValueStr: "name",
        "https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/abi.html#the-link_section-attribute"
    );

    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>, args: &ArgParser) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let nv = cx.expect_name_value(args, cx.attr_span, None)?;
        let name = cx.expect_string_literal(nv)?;
        if name.as_str().contains('\0') {
            // `#[link_section = ...]` will be converted to a null-terminated string,
            // so it may not contain any null characters.
            cx.emit_err(NullOnLinkSection { span: cx.attr_span });
            return None;
        }

        // We (currently) only validate macho section specifiers.
        match cx.sess.target.binary_format {
            BinaryFormat::MachO => match check_link_section_macho(name) {
                Ok(()) => {}
                Err(reason) => {
                    cx.emit_err(InvalidMachoSection { name_span: nv.value_span, reason });
                    return None;
                }
            },
            BinaryFormat::Coff | BinaryFormat::Elf | BinaryFormat::Wasm | BinaryFormat::Xcoff => {}
        }

        Some(LinkSection { name })
    }
}

pub(crate) struct ExportStableParser;
impl NoArgsAttributeParser for ExportStableParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::export_stable];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[
        Allow(Target::Fn),
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::Inherent)),
        Allow(Target::Struct),
        Allow(Target::Enum),
        Allow(Target::Union),
        Allow(Target::TyAlias),
        Allow(Target::AssocTy(AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait: false })),
        Allow(Target::AssocTy(AssocCtxt::Trait)),
        Allow(Target::AssocTy(AssocCtxt::Impl { of_trait: true })),
        Allow(Target::Use),
        Allow(Target::Mod),
        Allow(Target::Impl { of_trait: false }),
    ]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(export_stable);
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind = |_| AttributeKind::ExportStable;
}

pub(crate) struct FfiConstParser;
impl NoArgsAttributeParser for FfiConstParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::ffi_const];
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Unsafe {
        note: "`#[ffi_const]` functions shall have no effects except for its return value, which can only depend on the values of the function parameters, and is not affected by changes to the observable state of the program.",
        unsafe_since: None,
    };
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> =
        AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[Allow(Target::ForeignFn)]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(ffi_const);
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind = |_| AttributeKind::FfiConst;
}

pub(crate) struct FfiPureParser;
impl NoArgsAttributeParser for FfiPureParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::ffi_pure];
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Unsafe {
        note: "`#[ffi_pure]` functions shall have no effects except for its return value, which shall not change across two consecutive function calls with the same parameters.",
        unsafe_since: None,
    };
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> =
        AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[Allow(Target::ForeignFn)]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(ffi_pure);
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind = AttributeKind::FfiPure;

    fn finalize_check(cx: &mut FinalizeCheckContext<'_, '_>, attr_span: Span) {
        // `#[ffi_const]` functions cannot be `#[ffi_pure]`.
        if cx.all_attrs.iter().any(|a| a.word_is(sym::ffi_const)) {
            cx.emit_err(BothFfiConstAndPure { attr_span });
        }
    }
}

pub(crate) struct RustcStdInternalSymbolParser;
impl NoArgsAttributeParser for RustcStdInternalSymbolParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::rustc_std_internal_symbol];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[
        Allow(Target::Fn),
        Allow(Target::ForeignFn),
        Allow(Target::Static),
        Allow(Target::ForeignStatic),
    ]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(rustc_attrs);
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind = |_| AttributeKind::RustcStdInternalSymbol;
}

pub(crate) struct LinkOrdinalParser;

impl SingleAttributeParser for LinkOrdinalParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::link_ordinal];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[
        Allow(Target::ForeignFn),
        Allow(Target::ForeignStatic),
        Warn(Target::MacroCall),
    ]);
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(
        List: &["ordinal"],
        "https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/items/external-blocks.html#the-link_ordinal-attribute"
    );
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = AttributeStability::Stable;

    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>, args: &ArgParser) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let ordinal = parse_single_integer(cx, args)?;

        // According to the table at
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format#import-header, the
        // ordinal must fit into 16 bits. Similarly, the Ordinal field in COFFShortExport (defined
        // in llvm/include/llvm/Object/COFFImportFile.h), which we use to communicate import
        // information to LLVM for `#[link(kind = "raw-dylib"_])`, is also defined to be uint16_t.
        //
        // FIXME: should we allow an ordinal of 0?  The MSVC toolchain has inconsistent support for
        // this: both LINK.EXE and LIB.EXE signal errors and abort when given a .DEF file that
        // specifies a zero ordinal. However, llvm-dlltool is perfectly happy to generate an import
        // library for such a .DEF file, and MSVC's LINK.EXE is also perfectly happy to consume an
        // import library produced by LLVM with an ordinal of 0, and it generates an .EXE.  (I
        // don't know yet if the resulting EXE runs, as I haven't yet built the necessary DLL --
        // see earlier comment about LINK.EXE failing.)
        let Ok(ordinal) = ordinal.try_into() else {
            cx.emit_err(LinkOrdinalOutOfRange { span: cx.attr_span, ordinal });
            return None;
        };

        Some(LinkOrdinal { ordinal, span: cx.attr_span })
    }
}

pub(crate) struct LinkageParser;

impl SingleAttributeParser for LinkageParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::linkage];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[
        Allow(Target::Fn), // const fn denied in check_attr
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::Inherent)),
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::Trait { body: true })),
        Allow(Target::Method(MethodKind::TraitImpl)),
        Allow(Target::Static),
        Allow(Target::ForeignStatic), // extern static mut denied in check_attr
        Allow(Target::ForeignFn),
    ]);
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(NameValueStr: [
        "available_externally",
        "extern_weak",
        "linkonce",
        "linkonce_odr",
        "weak",
        "weak_odr",
    ]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(linkage);

    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>, args: &ArgParser) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let name_value = cx.expect_name_value(args, cx.attr_span, Some(sym::linkage))?;

        let value = cx.expect_string_literal(name_value)?;

        // Use the names from src/llvm/docs/LangRef.rst here. Most types are only
        // applicable to variable declarations and may not really make sense for
        // Rust code in the first place but allow them anyway and trust that the
        // user knows what they're doing. Who knows, unanticipated use cases may pop
        // up in the future.
        //
        // ghost, dllimport, dllexport and linkonce_odr_autohide are not supported
        // and don't have to be, LLVM treats them as no-ops.
        let linkage = match value {
            sym::available_externally => Linkage::AvailableExternally,
            sym::extern_weak => Linkage::ExternalWeak,
            sym::linkonce => Linkage::LinkOnceAny,
            sym::linkonce_odr => Linkage::LinkOnceODR,
            sym::weak => Linkage::WeakAny,
            sym::weak_odr => Linkage::WeakODR,

            _ => {
                cx.adcx().expected_specific_argument(
                    name_value.value_span,
                    &[
                        sym::available_externally,
                        sym::extern_weak,
                        sym::linkonce,
                        sym::linkonce_odr,
                        sym::weak,
                        sym::weak_odr,
                    ],
                );
                return None;
            }
        };

        Some(AttributeKind::Linkage(linkage, cx.attr_span))
    }
}

pub(crate) struct NeedsAllocatorParser;

impl NoArgsAttributeParser for NeedsAllocatorParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::needs_allocator];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[Allow(Target::Crate)]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(allocator_internals);
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind = |_| AttributeKind::NeedsAllocator;
}

pub(crate) struct CompilerBuiltinsParser;

impl NoArgsAttributeParser for CompilerBuiltinsParser {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = &[sym::compiler_builtins];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = AllowedTargets::AllowList(&[Allow(Target::Crate)]);
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = unstable!(compiler_builtins);
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind = |_| AttributeKind::CompilerBuiltins;
}