std/thread/

builder.rs

use super::join_handle::JoinHandle;
use super::lifecycle::spawn_unchecked;
use crate::io;

/// Thread factory, which can be used in order to configure the properties of
/// a new thread.
///
/// Methods can be chained on it in order to configure it.
///
/// The two configurations available are:
///
/// - [`name`]: specifies an [associated name for the thread][naming-threads]
/// - [`stack_size`]: specifies the [desired stack size for the thread][stack-size]
///
/// The [`spawn`] method will take ownership of the builder and create an
/// [`io::Result`] to the thread handle with the given configuration.
///
/// The [`thread::spawn`] free function uses a `Builder` with default
/// configuration and [`unwrap`]s its return value.
///
/// You may want to use [`spawn`] instead of [`thread::spawn`], when you want
/// to recover from a failure to launch a thread, indeed the free function will
/// panic where the `Builder` method will return a [`io::Result`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::thread;
///
/// let builder = thread::Builder::new();
///
/// let handler = builder.spawn(|| {
///     // thread code
/// }).unwrap();
///
/// handler.join().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// [`stack_size`]: Builder::stack_size
/// [`name`]: Builder::name
/// [`spawn`]: Builder::spawn
/// [`thread::spawn`]: super::spawn
/// [`io::Result`]: crate::io::Result
/// [`unwrap`]: crate::result::Result::unwrap
/// [naming-threads]: ./index.html#naming-threads
/// [stack-size]: ./index.html#stack-size
#[must_use = "must eventually spawn the thread"]
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct Builder {
    /// A name for the thread-to-be, for identification in panic messages
    pub(super) name: Option<String>,
    /// The size of the stack for the spawned thread in bytes
    pub(super) stack_size: Option<usize>,
    /// Skip running and inheriting the thread spawn hooks
    pub(super) no_hooks: bool,
}

impl Builder {
    /// Generates the base configuration for spawning a thread, from which
    /// configuration methods can be chained.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let builder = thread::Builder::new()
    ///                               .name("foo".into())
    ///                               .stack_size(32 * 1024);
    ///
    /// let handler = builder.spawn(|| {
    ///     // thread code
    /// }).unwrap();
    ///
    /// handler.join().unwrap();
    /// ```
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn new() -> Builder {
        Builder { name: None, stack_size: None, no_hooks: false }
    }

    /// Names the thread-to-be. Currently the name is used for identification
    /// only in panic messages.
    ///
    /// The name must not contain null bytes (`\0`).
    ///
    /// For more information about named threads, see
    /// [this module-level documentation][naming-threads].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let builder = thread::Builder::new()
    ///     .name("foo".into());
    ///
    /// let handler = builder.spawn(|| {
    ///     assert_eq!(thread::current().name(), Some("foo"))
    /// }).unwrap();
    ///
    /// handler.join().unwrap();
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [naming-threads]: ./index.html#naming-threads
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn name(mut self, name: String) -> Builder {
        self.name = Some(name);
        self
    }

    /// Sets the size of the stack (in bytes) for the new thread.
    ///
    /// The actual stack size may be greater than this value if
    /// the platform specifies a minimal stack size.
    ///
    /// For more information about the stack size for threads, see
    /// [this module-level documentation][stack-size].
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let builder = thread::Builder::new().stack_size(32 * 1024);
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [stack-size]: ./index.html#stack-size
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    pub fn stack_size(mut self, size: usize) -> Builder {
        self.stack_size = Some(size);
        self
    }

    /// Disables running and inheriting [spawn hooks].
    ///
    /// Use this if the parent thread is in no way relevant for the child thread.
    /// For example, when lazily spawning threads for a thread pool.
    ///
    /// [spawn hooks]: super::add_spawn_hook
    #[unstable(feature = "thread_spawn_hook", issue = "132951")]
    pub fn no_hooks(mut self) -> Builder {
        self.no_hooks = true;
        self
    }

    /// Spawns a new thread by taking ownership of the `Builder`, and returns an
    /// [`io::Result`] to its [`JoinHandle`].
    ///
    /// The spawned thread may outlive the caller (unless the caller thread
    /// is the main thread; the whole process is terminated when the main
    /// thread finishes). The join handle can be used to block on
    /// termination of the spawned thread, including recovering its panics.
    ///
    /// For a more complete documentation see [`thread::spawn`].
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Unlike the [`spawn`] free function, this method yields an
    /// [`io::Result`] to capture any failure to create the thread at
    /// the OS level.
    ///
    /// [`io::Result`]: crate::io::Result
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if a thread name was set and it contained null bytes.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let builder = thread::Builder::new();
    ///
    /// let handler = builder.spawn(|| {
    ///     // thread code
    /// }).unwrap();
    ///
    /// handler.join().unwrap();
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [`thread::spawn`]: super::spawn
    /// [`spawn`]: super::spawn
    #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
    #[cfg_attr(miri, track_caller)] // even without panics, this helps for Miri backtraces
    pub fn spawn<F, T>(self, f: F) -> io::Result<JoinHandle<T>>
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> T,
        F: Send + 'static,
        T: Send + 'static,
    {
        unsafe { self.spawn_unchecked(f) }
    }

    /// Spawns a new thread without any lifetime restrictions by taking ownership
    /// of the `Builder`, and returns an [`io::Result`] to its [`JoinHandle`].
    ///
    /// The spawned thread may outlive the caller (unless the caller thread
    /// is the main thread; the whole process is terminated when the main
    /// thread finishes). The join handle can be used to block on
    /// termination of the spawned thread, including recovering its panics.
    ///
    /// This method is identical to [`thread::Builder::spawn`][`Builder::spawn`],
    /// except for the relaxed lifetime bounds, which render it unsafe.
    /// For a more complete documentation see [`thread::spawn`].
    ///
    /// # Errors
    ///
    /// Unlike the [`spawn`] free function, this method yields an
    /// [`io::Result`] to capture any failure to create the thread at
    /// the OS level.
    ///
    /// # Panics
    ///
    /// Panics if a thread name was set and it contained null bytes.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// The caller has to ensure that the spawned thread does not outlive any
    /// references in the supplied thread closure and its return type.
    /// This can be guaranteed in two ways:
    ///
    /// - ensure that [`join`][`JoinHandle::join`] is called before any referenced
    /// data is dropped
    /// - use only types with `'static` lifetime bounds, i.e., those with no or only
    /// `'static` references (both [`thread::Builder::spawn`][`Builder::spawn`]
    /// and [`thread::spawn`] enforce this property statically)
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// use std::thread;
    ///
    /// let builder = thread::Builder::new();
    ///
    /// let x = 1;
    /// let thread_x = &x;
    ///
    /// let handler = unsafe {
    ///     builder.spawn_unchecked(move || {
    ///         println!("x = {}", *thread_x);
    ///     }).unwrap()
    /// };
    ///
    /// // caller has to ensure `join()` is called, otherwise
    /// // it is possible to access freed memory if `x` gets
    /// // dropped before the thread closure is executed!
    /// handler.join().unwrap();
    /// ```
    ///
    /// [`io::Result`]: crate::io::Result
    /// [`thread::spawn`]: super::spawn
    /// [`spawn`]: super::spawn
    #[stable(feature = "thread_spawn_unchecked", since = "1.82.0")]
    #[cfg_attr(miri, track_caller)] // even without panics, this helps for Miri backtraces
    pub unsafe fn spawn_unchecked<F, T>(self, f: F) -> io::Result<JoinHandle<T>>
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> T,
        F: Send,
        T: Send,
    {
        let Builder { name, stack_size, no_hooks } = self;
        Ok(JoinHandle(unsafe { spawn_unchecked(name, stack_size, no_hooks, None, f) }?))
    }
}