std/sys/net/connection/socket/

mod.rs

#[cfg(test)]
#[cfg(not(target_os = "l4re"))]
mod tests;

use crate::ffi::{c_int, c_void};
use crate::io::{self, BorrowedCursor, ErrorKind, IoSlice, IoSliceMut};
use crate::mem::MaybeUninit;
use crate::net::{
    Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, Shutdown, SocketAddr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, ToSocketAddrs,
};
use crate::sys::helpers::run_with_cstr;
use crate::sys::net::connection::each_addr;
use crate::sys::{AsInner, FromInner};
use crate::time::Duration;
use crate::{cmp, fmt, mem, ptr};

cfg_select! {
    target_os = "hermit" => {
        mod hermit;
        pub use hermit::*;
    }
    target_os = "solid_asp3" => {
        mod solid;
        pub use solid::*;
    }
    any(target_family = "unix", target_os = "wasi") => {
        mod unix;
        pub use unix::*;
    }
    target_os = "windows" => {
        mod windows;
        pub use windows::*;
    }
    _ => {}
}

use netc as c;

// Similarly to reads (see READ_LIMIT), the `send` syscall on most platforms
// takes a `size_t` length, but returns an `ssize_t` of bytes written. So the
// actual maximum number of bytes we can send in one call is SSIZE_MAX.
//
// On Apple targets however, apparently the 64-bit libc is either buggy or
// intentionally showing odd behavior by rejecting send calls with a size
// larger than INT_MAX. So cap the send size to INT_MAX.
//
// Meanwhile on QNX, reads/writes/sends larger than INT_MAX return the wrong
// number of bytes written (eg, writing 2^31 bytes returns (2^64 - 2^31) instead
// of the correct byte count).
//
// On Windows, the relevant syscall takes an `i32` (unlike for read/write!),
// so we need to clamp to i32::MAX.
const MAX_SEND_LEN: usize =
    cfg_select! {
        any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "nto", target_os = "qnx") => c_int::MAX as usize,
        target_os = "windows" => i32::MAX as usize,
        _ => libc::ssize_t::MAX as usize,
    };

/// Some systems support setting the nonblocking mode upon socket creation, which
/// saves a syscall.
const SOCK_NONBLOCK: i32 = cfg_select! {
    any(
        target_os = "dragonfly",
        target_os = "freebsd",
        target_os = "hermit",
        target_os = "illumos",
        target_os = "linux",
        target_os = "netbsd",
        target_os = "openbsd",
    ) => c::SOCK_NONBLOCK,
    _ => 0,
};

cfg_select! {
    any(
        target_os = "dragonfly",
        target_os = "freebsd",
        target_os = "openbsd",
        target_os = "netbsd",
        target_os = "illumos",
        target_os = "solaris",
        target_os = "haiku",
        target_os = "l4re",
        target_os = "nto",
        target_os = "qnx",
        target_os = "nuttx",
        target_vendor = "apple",
    ) => {
        use c::{IPV6_JOIN_GROUP as IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_LEAVE_GROUP as IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP};
    }
    _ => {
        use c::{IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP};
    }
}

cfg_select! {
    any(
        target_os = "linux",
        target_os = "android",
        target_os = "hurd",
        target_os = "dragonfly",
        target_os = "freebsd",
        target_os = "openbsd",
        target_os = "netbsd",
        target_os = "solaris",
        target_os = "illumos",
        target_os = "haiku",
        target_os = "nto",
        target_os = "qnx",
        target_os = "cygwin",
    ) => {
        use libc::MSG_NOSIGNAL;
    }
    _ => {
        const MSG_NOSIGNAL: c_int = 0x0;
    }
}

cfg_select! {
    any(
        target_os = "dragonfly",
        target_os = "freebsd",
        target_os = "openbsd",
        target_os = "netbsd",
        target_os = "solaris",
        target_os = "illumos",
        target_os = "nto",
        target_os = "qnx",
    ) => {
        use crate::ffi::c_uchar;
        type IpV4MultiCastType = c_uchar;
    }
    _ => {
        type IpV4MultiCastType = c_int;
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// address conversions
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

fn ip_v4_addr_to_c(addr: &Ipv4Addr) -> c::in_addr {
    // `s_addr` is stored as BE on all machines and the array is in BE order.
    // So the native endian conversion method is used so that it's never swapped.
    c::in_addr { s_addr: u32::from_ne_bytes(addr.octets()) }
}

fn ip_v6_addr_to_c(addr: &Ipv6Addr) -> c::in6_addr {
    c::in6_addr { s6_addr: addr.octets() }
}

fn ip_v4_addr_from_c(addr: c::in_addr) -> Ipv4Addr {
    Ipv4Addr::from(addr.s_addr.to_ne_bytes())
}

fn ip_v6_addr_from_c(addr: c::in6_addr) -> Ipv6Addr {
    Ipv6Addr::from(addr.s6_addr)
}

fn socket_addr_v4_to_c(addr: &SocketAddrV4) -> c::sockaddr_in {
    c::sockaddr_in {
        sin_family: c::AF_INET as c::sa_family_t,
        sin_port: addr.port().to_be(),
        sin_addr: ip_v4_addr_to_c(addr.ip()),
        ..unsafe { mem::zeroed() }
    }
}

fn socket_addr_v6_to_c(addr: &SocketAddrV6) -> c::sockaddr_in6 {
    c::sockaddr_in6 {
        sin6_family: c::AF_INET6 as c::sa_family_t,
        sin6_port: addr.port().to_be(),
        sin6_addr: ip_v6_addr_to_c(addr.ip()),
        sin6_flowinfo: addr.flowinfo(),
        sin6_scope_id: addr.scope_id(),
        ..unsafe { mem::zeroed() }
    }
}

fn socket_addr_v4_from_c(addr: c::sockaddr_in) -> SocketAddrV4 {
    SocketAddrV4::new(ip_v4_addr_from_c(addr.sin_addr), u16::from_be(addr.sin_port))
}

fn socket_addr_v6_from_c(addr: c::sockaddr_in6) -> SocketAddrV6 {
    SocketAddrV6::new(
        ip_v6_addr_from_c(addr.sin6_addr),
        u16::from_be(addr.sin6_port),
        addr.sin6_flowinfo,
        addr.sin6_scope_id,
    )
}

/// A type with the same memory layout as `c::sockaddr`. Used in converting Rust level
/// SocketAddr* types into their system representation. The benefit of this specific
/// type over using `c::sockaddr_storage` is that this type is exactly as large as it
/// needs to be and not a lot larger. And it can be initialized more cleanly from Rust.
#[repr(C)]
union SocketAddrCRepr {
    v4: c::sockaddr_in,
    v6: c::sockaddr_in6,
}

impl SocketAddrCRepr {
    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const c::sockaddr {
        self as *const _ as *const c::sockaddr
    }
}

fn socket_addr_to_c(addr: &SocketAddr) -> (SocketAddrCRepr, c::socklen_t) {
    match addr {
        SocketAddr::V4(a) => {
            let sockaddr = SocketAddrCRepr { v4: socket_addr_v4_to_c(a) };
            (sockaddr, size_of::<c::sockaddr_in>() as c::socklen_t)
        }
        SocketAddr::V6(a) => {
            let sockaddr = SocketAddrCRepr { v6: socket_addr_v6_to_c(a) };
            (sockaddr, size_of::<c::sockaddr_in6>() as c::socklen_t)
        }
    }
}

fn addr_family(addr: &SocketAddr) -> c_int {
    match addr {
        SocketAddr::V4(..) => c::AF_INET,
        SocketAddr::V6(..) => c::AF_INET6,
    }
}

/// Converts the C socket address stored in `storage` to a Rust `SocketAddr`.
///
/// # Safety
/// * `storage` must contain a valid C socket address whose length is no larger
///   than `len`.
unsafe fn socket_addr_from_c(
    storage: *const c::sockaddr_storage,
    len: usize,
) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
    match (*storage).ss_family as c_int {
        c::AF_INET => {
            assert!(len >= size_of::<c::sockaddr_in>());
            Ok(SocketAddr::V4(socket_addr_v4_from_c(unsafe {
                *(storage as *const _ as *const c::sockaddr_in)
            })))
        }
        c::AF_INET6 => {
            assert!(len >= size_of::<c::sockaddr_in6>());
            Ok(SocketAddr::V6(socket_addr_v6_from_c(unsafe {
                *(storage as *const _ as *const c::sockaddr_in6)
            })))
        }
        _ => Err(io::const_error!(ErrorKind::InvalidInput, "invalid argument")),
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// sockaddr and misc bindings
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Sets the value of a socket option.
///
/// # Safety
/// `T` must be the type associated with the given socket option.
pub unsafe fn setsockopt<T>(
    sock: &Socket,
    level: c_int,
    option_name: c_int,
    option_value: T,
) -> io::Result<()> {
    let option_len = size_of::<T>() as c::socklen_t;
    // SAFETY:
    // * `sock` is opened for the duration of this call, as `sock` owns the socket.
    // * the pointer to `option_value` is readable at a size of `size_of::<T>`
    //   bytes
    // * the value of `option_value` has a valid type for the given socket option
    //   (guaranteed by caller).
    cvt(unsafe {
        c::setsockopt(
            sock.as_raw(),
            level,
            option_name,
            (&raw const option_value) as *const _,
            option_len,
        )
    })?;
    Ok(())
}

/// Gets the value of a socket option.
///
/// # Safety
/// `T` must be the type associated with the given socket option.
pub unsafe fn getsockopt<T: Copy>(
    sock: &Socket,
    level: c_int,
    option_name: c_int,
) -> io::Result<T> {
    let mut option_value = MaybeUninit::<T>::zeroed();
    let mut option_len = size_of::<T>() as c::socklen_t;

    // SAFETY:
    // * `sock` is opened for the duration of this call, as `sock` owns the socket.
    // * the pointer to `option_value` is writable and the stack allocation has
    //   space for `size_of::<T>` bytes.
    cvt(unsafe {
        c::getsockopt(
            sock.as_raw(),
            level,
            option_name,
            option_value.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
            &mut option_len,
        )
    })?;

    // SAFETY: the `getsockopt` call succeeded and the caller guarantees that
    //         `T` is the type of this option, thus `option_value` must have
    //         been initialized by the system.
    Ok(unsafe { option_value.assume_init() })
}

/// Wraps a call to a platform function that returns a socket address.
///
/// # Safety
/// * if `f` returns a success (i.e. `cvt` returns `Ok` when called on the
///   return value), the buffer provided to `f` must have been initialized
///   with a valid C socket address, the length of which must be written
///   to the second argument.
unsafe fn sockname<F>(f: F) -> io::Result<SocketAddr>
where
    F: FnOnce(*mut c::sockaddr, *mut c::socklen_t) -> c_int,
{
    let mut storage = MaybeUninit::<c::sockaddr_storage>::zeroed();
    let mut len = size_of::<c::sockaddr_storage>() as c::socklen_t;
    cvt(f(storage.as_mut_ptr().cast(), &mut len))?;
    // SAFETY:
    // The caller guarantees that the storage has been successfully initialized
    // and its size written to `len` if `f` returns a success.
    unsafe { socket_addr_from_c(storage.as_ptr(), len as usize) }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "android")]
fn to_ipv6mr_interface(value: u32) -> c_int {
    value as c_int
}

#[cfg(not(target_os = "android"))]
fn to_ipv6mr_interface(value: u32) -> crate::ffi::c_uint {
    value as crate::ffi::c_uint
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// lookup_host
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

pub struct LookupHost {
    original: *mut c::addrinfo,
    cur: *mut c::addrinfo,
    port: u16,
}

impl Iterator for LookupHost {
    type Item = SocketAddr;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<SocketAddr> {
        loop {
            unsafe {
                let cur = self.cur.as_ref()?;
                self.cur = cur.ai_next;
                match socket_addr_from_c(cur.ai_addr.cast(), cur.ai_addrlen as usize) {
                    Ok(mut addr) => {
                        addr.set_port(self.port);
                        return Some(addr);
                    }
                    Err(_) => continue,
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

unsafe impl Sync for LookupHost {}
unsafe impl Send for LookupHost {}

impl Drop for LookupHost {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        unsafe { c::freeaddrinfo(self.original) }
    }
}

pub fn lookup_host(host: &str, port: u16) -> io::Result<LookupHost> {
    init();
    run_with_cstr(host.as_bytes(), &|c_host| {
        let mut hints: c::addrinfo = unsafe { mem::zeroed() };
        hints.ai_socktype = c::SOCK_STREAM;
        let mut res = ptr::null_mut();
        unsafe {
            cvt_gai(c::getaddrinfo(c_host.as_ptr(), ptr::null(), &hints, &mut res))
                .map(|_| LookupHost { original: res, cur: res, port })
        }
    })
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TCP streams
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

pub struct TcpStream {
    inner: Socket,
}

impl TcpStream {
    pub fn connect<A: ToSocketAddrs>(addr: A) -> io::Result<TcpStream> {
        init();
        return each_addr(addr, inner);

        fn inner(addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<TcpStream> {
            let sock = Socket::new(addr_family(addr), c::SOCK_STREAM)?;
            sock.connect(addr)?;
            Ok(TcpStream { inner: sock })
        }
    }

    pub fn connect_timeout(addr: &SocketAddr, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<TcpStream> {
        init();

        let sock = Socket::new(addr_family(addr), c::SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK)?;
        if SOCK_NONBLOCK == 0 {
            // The `SOCK_NONBLOCK` option is unsupported...
            sock.set_nonblocking(true)?;
        }

        match sock.connect(addr) {
            Ok(()) => {
                sock.set_nonblocking(false)?;
                return Ok(TcpStream { inner: sock });
            }
            #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
            Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(c::EINPROGRESS) => {}
            #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
            Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(crate::sys::pal::c::WSAEWOULDBLOCK) => {}
            Err(e) => return Err(e),
        }

        sock.set_nonblocking(false)?;
        sock.poll_connected(timeout)?;
        Ok(TcpStream { inner: sock })
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn socket(&self) -> &Socket {
        &self.inner
    }

    pub fn into_socket(self) -> Socket {
        self.inner
    }

    pub fn set_read_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_timeout(dur, c::SO_RCVTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn set_write_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_timeout(dur, c::SO_SNDTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn read_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
        self.inner.timeout(c::SO_RCVTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn write_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
        self.inner.timeout(c::SO_SNDTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.inner.peek(buf)
    }

    pub fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.inner.read(buf)
    }

    pub fn read_buf(&self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_, u8>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.read_buf(buf)
    }

    pub fn read_vectored(&self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.inner.read_vectored(bufs)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.is_read_vectored()
    }

    pub fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        let len = cmp::min(buf.len(), MAX_SEND_LEN) as wrlen_t;
        let ret = cvt(unsafe {
            c::send(self.inner.as_raw(), buf.as_ptr() as *const c_void, len, MSG_NOSIGNAL)
        })?;
        Ok(ret as usize)
    }

    pub fn write_vectored(&self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.inner.write_vectored(bufs)
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool {
        self.inner.is_write_vectored()
    }

    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
        unsafe { sockname(|buf, len| c::getpeername(self.inner.as_raw(), buf, len)) }
    }

    pub fn socket_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
        unsafe { sockname(|buf, len| c::getsockname(self.inner.as_raw(), buf, len)) }
    }

    pub fn shutdown(&self, how: Shutdown) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.shutdown(how)
    }

    pub fn duplicate(&self) -> io::Result<TcpStream> {
        self.inner.duplicate().map(|s| TcpStream { inner: s })
    }

    pub fn set_linger(&self, linger: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_linger(linger)
    }

    pub fn linger(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
        self.inner.linger()
    }

    pub fn set_keepalive(&self, keepalive: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_keepalive(keepalive)
    }

    pub fn keepalive(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
        self.inner.keepalive()
    }

    pub fn set_nodelay(&self, nodelay: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_nodelay(nodelay)
    }

    pub fn nodelay(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
        self.inner.nodelay()
    }

    pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_TTL, ttl as c_int) }
    }

    pub fn ttl(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
        let raw: c_int = unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_TTL)? };
        Ok(raw as u32)
    }

    pub fn set_hop_limit_v6(&self, limit: u8) -> io::Result<()> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                let _ = limit;
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => unsafe {
                setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, limit as c_int)
            },
        }
    }

    pub fn hop_limit_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u8> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => {
                let raw: c_int =
                    unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)? };
                Ok(raw as u8)
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn take_error(&self) -> io::Result<Option<io::Error>> {
        self.inner.take_error()
    }

    pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_nonblocking(nonblocking)
    }
}

impl AsInner<Socket> for TcpStream {
    #[inline]
    fn as_inner(&self) -> &Socket {
        &self.inner
    }
}

impl FromInner<Socket> for TcpStream {
    fn from_inner(socket: Socket) -> TcpStream {
        TcpStream { inner: socket }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for TcpStream {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut res = f.debug_struct("TcpStream");

        if let Ok(addr) = self.socket_addr() {
            res.field("addr", &addr);
        }

        if let Ok(peer) = self.peer_addr() {
            res.field("peer", &peer);
        }

        let name = if cfg!(windows) { "socket" } else { "fd" };
        res.field(name, &self.inner.as_raw()).finish()
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TCP listeners
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

pub struct TcpListener {
    inner: Socket,
}

impl TcpListener {
    pub fn bind<A: ToSocketAddrs>(addr: A) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
        init();
        return each_addr(addr, inner);

        fn inner(addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
            let sock = Socket::new(addr_family(addr), c::SOCK_STREAM)?;

            // On platforms with Berkeley-derived sockets, this allows to quickly
            // rebind a socket, without needing to wait for the OS to clean up the
            // previous one.
            //
            // On Windows, this allows rebinding sockets which are actively in use,
            // which allows “socket hijacking”, so we explicitly don't set it here.
            // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/using-so-reuseaddr-and-so-exclusiveaddruse
            #[cfg(not(windows))]
            unsafe {
                setsockopt(&sock, c::SOL_SOCKET, c::SO_REUSEADDR, 1 as c_int)?
            };

            // Bind our new socket
            let (addr, len) = socket_addr_to_c(addr);
            cvt(unsafe { c::bind(sock.as_raw(), addr.as_ptr(), len as _) })?;

            let backlog = if cfg!(target_os = "horizon") {
                // The 3DS doesn't support a big connection backlog. Sometimes
                // it allows up to about 37, but other times it doesn't even
                // accept 32. There may be a global limitation causing this.
                20
            } else if cfg!(target_os = "haiku") {
                // Haiku does not support a queue length > 32
                // https://github.com/haiku/haiku/blob/979a0bc487864675517fb2fab28f87dc8bf43041/headers/posix/sys/socket.h#L81
                32
            } else {
                // The default for all other platforms
                128
            };

            // Start listening
            cvt(unsafe { c::listen(sock.as_raw(), backlog) })?;
            Ok(TcpListener { inner: sock })
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn socket(&self) -> &Socket {
        &self.inner
    }

    pub fn into_socket(self) -> Socket {
        self.inner
    }

    pub fn socket_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
        unsafe { sockname(|buf, len| c::getsockname(self.inner.as_raw(), buf, len)) }
    }

    pub fn accept(&self) -> io::Result<(TcpStream, SocketAddr)> {
        // The `accept` function will fill in the storage with the address,
        // so we don't need to zero it here.
        // reference: https://linux.die.net/man/2/accept4
        let mut storage = MaybeUninit::<c::sockaddr_storage>::uninit();
        let mut len = size_of::<c::sockaddr_storage>() as c::socklen_t;
        let sock = self.inner.accept(storage.as_mut_ptr() as *mut _, &mut len)?;
        let addr = unsafe { socket_addr_from_c(storage.as_ptr(), len as usize)? };
        Ok((TcpStream { inner: sock }, addr))
    }

    pub fn duplicate(&self) -> io::Result<TcpListener> {
        self.inner.duplicate().map(|s| TcpListener { inner: s })
    }

    pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_TTL, ttl as c_int) }
    }

    pub fn ttl(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
        let raw: c_int = unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_TTL)? };
        Ok(raw as u32)
    }

    pub fn set_hop_limit_v6(&self, limit: u8) -> io::Result<()> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                let _ = limit;
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => unsafe {
                setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, limit as c_int)
            },
        }
    }

    pub fn hop_limit_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u8> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => {
                let raw: c_int =
                    unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)? };
                Ok(raw as u8)
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn set_only_v6(&self, only_v6: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_V6ONLY, only_v6 as c_int) }
    }

    pub fn only_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
        let raw: c_int = unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_V6ONLY)? };
        Ok(raw != 0)
    }

    pub fn take_error(&self) -> io::Result<Option<io::Error>> {
        self.inner.take_error()
    }

    pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_nonblocking(nonblocking)
    }
}

impl FromInner<Socket> for TcpListener {
    fn from_inner(socket: Socket) -> TcpListener {
        TcpListener { inner: socket }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for TcpListener {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut res = f.debug_struct("TcpListener");

        if let Ok(addr) = self.socket_addr() {
            res.field("addr", &addr);
        }

        let name = if cfg!(windows) { "socket" } else { "fd" };
        res.field(name, &self.inner.as_raw()).finish()
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// UDP
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

pub struct UdpSocket {
    inner: Socket,
}

impl UdpSocket {
    pub fn bind<A: ToSocketAddrs>(addr: A) -> io::Result<UdpSocket> {
        init();
        return each_addr(addr, inner);

        fn inner(addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<UdpSocket> {
            let sock = Socket::new(addr_family(addr), c::SOCK_DGRAM)?;
            let (addr, len) = socket_addr_to_c(addr);
            cvt(unsafe { c::bind(sock.as_raw(), addr.as_ptr(), len as _) })?;
            Ok(UdpSocket { inner: sock })
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    pub fn socket(&self) -> &Socket {
        &self.inner
    }

    pub fn into_socket(self) -> Socket {
        self.inner
    }

    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
        unsafe { sockname(|buf, len| c::getpeername(self.inner.as_raw(), buf, len)) }
    }

    pub fn socket_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
        unsafe { sockname(|buf, len| c::getsockname(self.inner.as_raw(), buf, len)) }
    }

    pub fn recv_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SocketAddr)> {
        self.inner.recv_from(buf)
    }

    pub fn peek_from(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<(usize, SocketAddr)> {
        self.inner.peek_from(buf)
    }

    pub fn send_to(&self, buf: &[u8], dst: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<usize> {
        if buf.len() > MAX_SEND_LEN {
            return Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(c::EMSGSIZE));
        }
        let (dst, dstlen) = socket_addr_to_c(dst);
        let ret = cvt(unsafe {
            c::sendto(
                self.inner.as_raw(),
                buf.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
                buf.len() as wrlen_t,
                MSG_NOSIGNAL,
                dst.as_ptr(),
                dstlen,
            )
        })?;
        Ok(ret as usize)
    }

    pub fn duplicate(&self) -> io::Result<UdpSocket> {
        self.inner.duplicate().map(|s| UdpSocket { inner: s })
    }

    pub fn set_read_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_timeout(dur, c::SO_RCVTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn set_write_timeout(&self, dur: Option<Duration>) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_timeout(dur, c::SO_SNDTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn read_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
        self.inner.timeout(c::SO_RCVTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn write_timeout(&self) -> io::Result<Option<Duration>> {
        self.inner.timeout(c::SO_SNDTIMEO)
    }

    pub fn set_broadcast(&self, broadcast: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::SOL_SOCKET, c::SO_BROADCAST, broadcast as c_int) }
    }

    pub fn broadcast(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
        let raw: c_int = unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::SOL_SOCKET, c::SO_BROADCAST)? };
        Ok(raw != 0)
    }

    pub fn set_multicast_loop_v4(&self, multicast_loop_v4: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe {
            setsockopt(
                &self.inner,
                c::IPPROTO_IP,
                c::IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,
                multicast_loop_v4 as IpV4MultiCastType,
            )
        }
    }

    pub fn multicast_loop_v4(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
        let raw: IpV4MultiCastType =
            unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_MULTICAST_LOOP)? };
        Ok(raw != 0)
    }

    pub fn set_multicast_ttl_v4(&self, multicast_ttl_v4: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
        let ttl: u8 = multicast_ttl_v4
            .try_into()
            .map_err(|_| io::Error::from(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput))?;
        unsafe {
            setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_MULTICAST_TTL, ttl as IpV4MultiCastType)
        }
    }

    pub fn multicast_ttl_v4(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
        let raw: IpV4MultiCastType =
            unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_MULTICAST_TTL)? };
        Ok(raw as u32)
    }

    pub fn set_multicast_loop_v6(&self, multicast_loop_v6: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe {
            setsockopt(
                &self.inner,
                c::IPPROTO_IPV6,
                c::IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
                multicast_loop_v6 as c_int,
            )
        }
    }

    pub fn multicast_loop_v6(&self) -> io::Result<bool> {
        let raw: c_int =
            unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP)? };
        Ok(raw != 0)
    }

    pub fn join_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mreq = c::ip_mreq {
            imr_multiaddr: ip_v4_addr_to_c(multiaddr),
            imr_interface: ip_v4_addr_to_c(interface),
        };
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
    }

    pub fn join_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mreq = c::ipv6_mreq {
            ipv6mr_multiaddr: ip_v6_addr_to_c(multiaddr),
            ipv6mr_interface: to_ipv6mr_interface(interface),
        };
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
    }

    pub fn leave_multicast_v4(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv4Addr, interface: &Ipv4Addr) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mreq = c::ip_mreq {
            imr_multiaddr: ip_v4_addr_to_c(multiaddr),
            imr_interface: ip_v4_addr_to_c(interface),
        };
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
    }

    pub fn leave_multicast_v6(&self, multiaddr: &Ipv6Addr, interface: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
        let mreq = c::ipv6_mreq {
            ipv6mr_multiaddr: ip_v6_addr_to_c(multiaddr),
            ipv6mr_interface: to_ipv6mr_interface(interface),
        };
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DROP_MEMBERSHIP, mreq) }
    }

    pub fn set_ttl(&self, ttl: u32) -> io::Result<()> {
        unsafe { setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_TTL, ttl as c_int) }
    }

    pub fn ttl(&self) -> io::Result<u32> {
        let raw: c_int = unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IP, c::IP_TTL)? };
        Ok(raw as u32)
    }

    pub fn set_hop_limit_v6(&self, limit: u8) -> io::Result<()> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                let _ = limit;
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => unsafe {
                setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, limit as c_int)
            },
        }
    }

    pub fn hop_limit_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u8> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => {
                let raw: c_int =
                    unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)? };
                Ok(raw as u8)
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn set_multicast_hop_limit_v6(&self, limit: u8) -> io::Result<()> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                let _ = limit;
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => unsafe {
                setsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, limit as c_int)
            },
        }
    }

    pub fn multicast_hop_limit_v6(&self) -> io::Result<u8> {
        cfg_select! {
            all(target_os = "wasi", any(target_env = "p2", target_env = "p3")) => {
                Err(io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Unsupported, "not supported on this platform"))
            }
            _ => {
                let raw: c_int =
                    unsafe { getsockopt(&self.inner, c::IPPROTO_IPV6, c::IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)? };
                Ok(raw as u8)
            }
        }
    }

    pub fn take_error(&self) -> io::Result<Option<io::Error>> {
        self.inner.take_error()
    }

    pub fn set_nonblocking(&self, nonblocking: bool) -> io::Result<()> {
        self.inner.set_nonblocking(nonblocking)
    }

    pub fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.inner.read(buf)
    }

    pub fn peek(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        self.inner.peek(buf)
    }

    pub fn send(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        if buf.len() > MAX_SEND_LEN {
            return Err(io::Error::from_raw_os_error(c::EMSGSIZE));
        }
        let ret = cvt(unsafe {
            c::send(
                self.inner.as_raw(),
                buf.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
                buf.len() as wrlen_t,
                MSG_NOSIGNAL,
            )
        })?;
        Ok(ret as usize)
    }

    pub fn connect<A: ToSocketAddrs>(&self, addr: A) -> io::Result<()> {
        return each_addr(addr, |addr| inner(self, addr));

        fn inner(this: &UdpSocket, addr: &SocketAddr) -> io::Result<()> {
            let (addr, len) = socket_addr_to_c(addr);
            cvt_r(|| unsafe { c::connect(this.inner.as_raw(), addr.as_ptr(), len) }).map(drop)
        }
    }
}

impl FromInner<Socket> for UdpSocket {
    fn from_inner(socket: Socket) -> UdpSocket {
        UdpSocket { inner: socket }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for UdpSocket {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let mut res = f.debug_struct("UdpSocket");

        if let Ok(addr) = self.socket_addr() {
            res.field("addr", &addr);
        }

        let name = if cfg!(windows) { "socket" } else { "fd" };
        res.field(name, &self.inner.as_raw()).finish()
    }
}